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Quiz #2 > Emergence of Science > Flashcards

Emergence of Science Flashcards

1
Q

Rene Descartes

A

“Cogito Ergo Sum” - I think, therefore I exist. Seeking Truth

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2
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Replaced deductive method(aristotelian) with new science (inductive method).

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3
Q

Royal Society of London

A

Driving force of new science, advocated inductive reasoning, criticized Galen/Aristotelian science.

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4
Q

Robert Boyle

A

Assistant Hooke. Established empiric research, showed air is needed for combustion, life, sound. Argued against traditional elements (earth,air,fire,mercury)

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5
Q

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

A

Designed/built single lens microscope with 250X, discovered “animacules” in water

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6
Q

William Harvey

A

De Motu Cordis - Motion of the Heart. Refuted Galen theories of circulation such as Two distinct types of blood (venous= nutritive and Arterial = pneuma or vital spirit), arterial pumping, pores in septum. Figured blood had to circulate via Cardiac Output

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7
Q

Thomas Sydenham

A

English Hippocrates. Emphasized Bedside manner, personal observation. Believed specific therapies for specific diseases.

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8
Q

Herman Boerhaave

A

“Greatest physician of Europe.” Teacher of Europe, Med students observed 2 Cases a week, used post-mortem examination to determine cause of illness, use of thermometer and magnifying lens in clinical assessment, described “Boerhaaves Syndrome” - esophageal rupture in violent vomiting.

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9
Q

Albrecht Von Haller

A

Father of Modern Physiology. Noted muscles twitch when stimulated, Heart beats after removal.

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10
Q

Giovanni Morgagni

A

Father of Anatomic Pathology. First to understand and demonstrate need to base diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment on knowledge of anatomical condtions. “Seats and causes of disease:”

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11
Q

Leopold Auenbrugger

A

Father of Percussion. Showed how to detect cavities of lungs, locations and size determined by percussion. Lung pathology might be found by palpating the vibration or “Fremitus” produced by voice or breathing.

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12
Q

William Hunter

A

Greatest work was “Anatomia uteri humani gravidi”. Meaning in words, built famous anatomy theater in London with awesome brother AKA John “The Man” Hunter

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13
Q

John Hunter

A

Grave Robber, Williams anatomy assistant. Acquired the skeleton of Charles Bryne (7 foot 7 inches) against Byrnes clear Deathbed wishes. Extensive study of inflammation, work on GSW’s, work on venereal disease, verified fats are absoerbed into lacteals in the gut, proof maternal/fetal blood supplies separate, lymphatic system, first study of development of child.

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14
Q

Jean Nicolas Corvisart

A

First Heart Specialist. Advocated percussion. Rene Laennec was his most famous student.

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15
Q

Rene Laennec

A

Father of Stethoscope. Was the first to lecture on melanoma, named cirrhosis. Rales,Rhonci,Egophony all lung sounds derived from Rene.

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16
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Father of Smallpox Vaccination. Demonstrated efficacy of vaccination. did NOT discover vaccines.

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17
Q

Benjamin Rush

A

American Hippocrates. Believed “hyperactive arteries” or “hypertension” was key to disease. Proponent of Heroic medicine. Believed Mercury was harmless.

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18
Q

Heroic Medicine

A

Purging the bowels, venisection.

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19
Q

Johannes Muller

A

Advocated separating anatomy and physiology. called for physiology based on chemistry and physics.

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20
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A

Cell is center of pathological processes. Ended idea of humoral Physiology(Hippocrates).

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21
Q

Crawford Long

A

First public use of ether anesthesia

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22
Q

Horace Wells

A

First to use nitrous oxide unsuccessfully.

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23
Q

William Morton

A

Credited wrongly with first successful public demonstration anesthesia

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24
Q

James Simpson

A

British Obstetrician discovered anesthesia with chloroform, introduced to childbirth.

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25
Q

Theodor Billroth

A

Refined Listerian antisespis. Began daily Post-op temperature evaluations. Developed new abdominal Operations - abdominal resection, esophagectomy.

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26
Q

William Halsted

A

Began rubber gloves in surgery, began tred for Aseptic surgery, best known as a cancer surgeon(radical mastectomy)

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27
Q

Ignaz Semmelweiss

A

Noted puerperal fever carried from patient to patient by whomever delivered babies. Counseled washing hands in chlorine-water solution between deliveries.

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28
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

“Germ theory of Disease”, not a physician, did much to prove microorganisms responsible for diseases.

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29
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Used Carbolic acid(phenol) as antisepsis

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30
Q

Robert Koch

A

Made bacteriology a real science. Discovered Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Vibrio cholerae. This led to other good discoveries.

31
Q

Karl Roentgen

A

X-ray. Lead blocked fluorescence.

32
Q

Marie and Pierre Curle

A

Discovered polonium and radium(used against cancer)

33
Q

Willhem Einthoven

A

Experimented with string galvanometer and cardiac electrical activity. Credited with inventing EKG but did not.

34
Q

sons of thunder

A

american methodist preachers

35
Q

Kansas Nebraska Bill of 1853

A

settlers would vote to establish whether these new states were to be free or slave states

36
Q

Mesmerism

A

Franz Mesmer, magnetic healers. Later evolved into hyponosis

37
Q

eclecticism

A

evolved from thomsonians (Saml. Thomsan), used only botanicals.

38
Q

Thomsonians

A

campaigned against state licensing; responsible for repeal or blunting state licensing laws by early 1840s

39
Q

Homeopathy

A

Samuel Hahnemann, Like cures like.

40
Q

Sylvester Graham

A

Live by natures laws (exercise,fresh air,regular bathing, balanced diet, avoid sexual promiscuity) and take no medicines.

41
Q

Hydropathy

A

use cold water baths

42
Q

Spiritualism

A

involved communication with spirits via a trance.

43
Q

Andrew Jackson Davis

A

combined spiritualism and mesmerism called the Great Harmonia.

44
Q

Phrenology

A

Franz Joseph Gall. Palpate skull to find bumps, reflects development of parts of brain. “true science of the mind”

45
Q

Herbert Spenycer

A

Coined term “evolution” popularized ideas about cause/effect of disease and structure/function interrelation.

46
Q

Victor Broussais

A

Originator of physiologic medicine, advocated drugless therapy

47
Q

June 18th, 1874

A

Banner of Osteopathy

48
Q

Who was born in 1828

A

A.T Still, died in 1917

49
Q

Jean Charcot

A

Showed what happened when nerves were compressed (functional changes)

50
Q

Daniel David Palmer

A

Magnetic healer that found Chiropractic in IA in 1898

51
Q

Still coined the term Osteopathy in what years?

A

~1885

52
Q

ASO founded in?

A

1892

53
Q

Missouri in 1889

A

cost $100 per month to practice manipulation

54
Q

William Smith

A

First DO. He was an MD

55
Q

Marcus Ward

A

Graduated in first class. Started Colombian School of Osteopathy 3 blocks away from ASO

56
Q

Summerfield Still

A

Graduate of ASO. taught anatomy at ASO.

57
Q

Charles Hartupee

A

First DO to settle permanently in Iowa

58
Q

Abraham Flexnor

A

Surveyed US medical education in 1909 including osteopathic schools. Extremely critical of all schools in Iowa.

59
Q

Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy

A

Name of school from 1911 to 1958

60
Q

Simean L. Taylor

A

Became Des Moines Still college president in 1911, leader in calling for broad osteopathy

61
Q

Thomas J. Vigorito

A

deeply enmeshed Controversy regarding absorption of COMS into the allopathic ranks

62
Q

J. Leonard Azneer

A

Longest serving COMS president(71-96), Moved COMS to 3200 Grand Ave, built a bunch of buildings, ended in controversy

63
Q

Mississippi

A

Last state to fully license osteopathic physicians

64
Q

Arthur Hildreth, DO

A

Lobbied hard in several states for independant boards of osteopath, full scope of practice

65
Q

J. Martin Littlejohn

A

Broad Osteopath. Wanted all medical science and surgery except materia medica included in ASO curriculum

66
Q

Littlejohn brothers

A

became leaders in arguing for broadening of ostepathy

67
Q

AOA

A

Founded in 1887. battled for recognition and license in all states. mandated 4 year curriculum by 1916 excluding materia medica

68
Q

Military Medicine

A

WW2 saved Osteopathy. Vietnam war was first chance for DOs and MDs to work together

69
Q

Louisa Burns

A

First full time researcher into osteopathic concept

70
Q

California

A

DO and MD associations merged in California. DO’s paid $50 for an MD degree, became known as “little MDs”

71
Q

Michigan State

A

First university based osteopathic school

72
Q

Robert McNamara

A

ordered military acceptance of DO graduates as physicians in Vietnam War

73
Q

Augustus Waller

A

recorded first human ECG

Quiz #2 (1 decks)

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