emergence of psychology

Question 1

origins of psychology

Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

Answer 1

a french philosopher that suggested that the mind is independent from the body.

Cartesian Dualism
(mind vs matter)

“i think therefore i am”

Question 2

origins of psychology
John Locke (1632-1704)

Answer 2

empiricism
all the experience can be obtained through the senses, and human beings inherit neither knowledge or instincts

behaviourist response that the world can be understood by investigating external events that are observed and measured

all behaviour is learned through interaction w the environment and can be modified through rewards and punishments

Question 3

origins of psychology
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Answer 3

his evolutionary theory of “survival of the fittest”

the notion that all human and animal behaviour has changed over successive generations

, as individuals w stronger and more adaptive genes can survive and reproduce. unlike the ones w weaker genes

the assumption that many humans behaviours, eg. social behaviour, has evolved due to their adaptive value, is deeply rooted in many areas of psychology

esp the biological approach

Question 4

Wilhem Wunt 6 marker

Answer 4

• father of psychology
  • able to separate psychology from the speculations of philosophy and moved the study of the mind away from the philosophical roots to controlled research
• german lab 1870
  • he set up the the first experimental psychology lab in Leipzig Germany in 1879

he wanted to document the nature of human consciousness

• promoting introspection
  • as a way of studying mental processes
• introspection def
  • systematic analysis of your own conscious experience of a stimulus
• structuralism
  • the result r then analysed in terms of its component parts e.g emotional reaction, sensations and images
• his work paved the way for
  • for later controlled research and the study of mental processes

Question 5

What is a strength of the emergence of psychology as a science?

AO3

Answer 5

Modern psychology can claim to be scientific

This is due to its aims of understanding, predicting, and controlling behavior, similar to the natural sciences.

Question 6

What aims does modern psychology share with the natural sciences?

AO3

Answer 6

Understanding, predicting, and controlling behavior

These aims reflect the scientific approach of modern psychology.

Question 7

Which approaches in psychology rely on the use of scientific methods?

AO3

Answer 7

Cognitive and biological approaches

These approaches utilize scientific methods to study behavior.

Question 8

What is a limitation of the emergence of psychology as a science?

Answer 8

Not all approaches use scientific methods

Some approaches, like humanistic and psychodynamic, reject or limit the use of scientific methods.

Question 9

What does the humanistic approach focus on?

Answer 9

Studying and understanding individual experience

It emphasizes subjective experiences rather than scientific methods.

Question 10

What is a characteristic of the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 10

Uses case studies unique to individuals

This approach’s reliance on unique case studies contrasts with scientific methods.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Studies involving human beings can be affected by _______.

Answer 11

demand characteristics

Demand characteristics refer to participants’ responses being influenced by expectations.