EMC CIS Module 2 Flashcards
part 2
Which is a benefit of RAID?a. Ensures data integrity in a RAID set.b. Prevents disk failure in a RAID set.c. Improves storage system performance.d. Simplifies distribution of parity across mirrored disks.
c. Improves storage system performance.Module 2 Quiz
Which statement is true about FC SAN?a. Provides higher scalability as compared to DAS.b. Has limited ability to share resources.c. Enables object level access to data.d. Supports a maximum of 256 nodes.
a. Provides higher scalability as compared to DAS.Module 2 Quiz
Which key requirement of a data center refers to the ability of IT to support new business initiatives dynamically?a. Manageabilityb. Availabilityc. Capacityd. Flexibility
d. FlexibilityModule 2 Quiz
Which are the key parameters that determine the performance and availability of a RAID set?a. Number of drives in a RAID set and RAID levelb. Number of drives in a RAID set and the capacity of each drivec. Number of RAID controllers and type of RAID implementationd. Number of drives in a RAID set and type of RAID implementation
a. Number of drives in a RAID set and RAID levelModule 2 Quiz
Which key requirement of a data center is violated when an authorized storage administrator is not able to remotely login to a server in the data center?a. Scalabilityb. Flexibilityc. Securityd. Availability
d. AvailabilityModule 2 Quiz
A facility containing physical IT resources including compute, network, and storage.
Classic Data Center2.3
Five core elements of a CDC
1) Application2) Database Management System (DBMS)3) Compute4) Storage5) Network2.3
Characteristics of channel technology
1) Compute system and peripheral devices are connected through channel.2) Low protocol overhead due to tight coupling.3) Supports transmission only over short distances.4) Protocol examples: PCI, IDE/ATA, SCSI, etc.2.21
Network Technology Characteristics
1) Compute system and peripheral devices are connected over a network.2) High protocol overhead due to network connection.3) Support transmission over long distances.4) Protocol examples: iSCSI (SCSI over IP), FCoE, and FC2.21
More flexible than channel technologies
Network technologies2.21
ASIC board that performs I/O interface functions between the host and the storage, relieving the CPU from additional I/O processing workload.
Host Bus Adapter (HBA)2.21
A multifunction adapter which consolidates the functionality of a NIC card AND a Fibre Channel HBA onto a single adapter.
Converged Network Adapter (CNA)2.21
Popular protocol to connect to disk drives.Supports 16-bit parallel transmission.Serial version is called Serial ATA (SATA).Both versions offer good performance at a relatively low cost.
IDE/ATA2.22
Preferred storage connectivity option for high-end environments.Improved performance, scalability, and high cost when compared to ATA.
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)2.23
Serial version of SCSI
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)2.23
In file level access, where does the file system reside?
With the storage2.24
In block level access, where does the file system reside?
On the Compute2.24
3 Key Infrastructure Components
1) OS (or file system)2) Connectivity (network)3) Storage2.24
Protocols used for accessing data from an external storage device (or subsystems).
Fibre ChanneliSCSI2.24
Two ways data can be accessed over a network
1) File Level2) Block Level2.24
In block-level access, where is the file system created?
On a compute system.2.24
In file level access where is the file system created?
On a network or at the storage2.24
True or False: File-level access has higher overhead than block-level access.
True2.24
LBA
Logical Block Addressing2.24
CHS
Cylinder, Head, and Sector2.24
Simplifies addressing by using a linear address to access physical blocks of data.
Logical Block Addressing (LBA)2.24
Physical drive addressing that refers to specific locations on a drive.
Cylinder, Head, and Sector (CHS)2.24
Internal or external storage device, which connects directly to a compute system.
Direct Attached Storage (DAS)2.25
Two classifications of DAS
1) Internal2) External(w.r.t. the compute system)2.25
Benefits of DAS
1) Simple to deploy and ideal for local data provisioning2) Low capital expense and less complexity.2.25
DAS Challenges
1) Limited scalability2) Limited ability to share resources (islands of over and under utilized storage resources)2.25
Six Storage Networking Technologies
1) Fibre Channel SAN (FC SAN)2) Network Attached Storage (NAS)3) Internet Protocol SAN (IP SAN)4) Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)5) Object Based Storage6) Unified Storage2.26
Concept-based storage network technologies
Object Based StorageUnified Storage2.26
Protocol-based storage networking technologies
Fibre Channel SAN (FC SAN)Network Attached Storage (NAS)Internet Protocol SAN (IP SAN)Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)2.26
Dedicated high speed network of compute systems and shared storage devices which uses the SCSI over FC protocol.Provides block level data access.
FC SAN2.27
Four Benefits of FC SAN
1) Enables storage consolidation and sharing.2) Enables centralized management.3) Provides scalability and high performance.4) Reduces storage and administration cost.2.27
FC SAN Scaling Limit
15 million devices2.27
SCSI data encapsulated and transported within Fibre Channel frames
Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP)2.27
Base protocol of FC SAN
SCSI (modified)2.27
Six Components of an FC SAN
1) Node Ports2) Cables3) Connectors4) Interconnecting Devices5) Storage arrays6) SAN Management Software2.28
FC-AL
Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop
One or more interconnected FC switches through which multiple SAN nodes can communicate.
Fibre Channel Fabric2.29
In a switched fabric, the link between any two switches
Inter Switch Link (ISL)2.29
An end point in an FC fabric
N_port2.30
Typically, a compute system port (HBA) or a storage array port that is connected to a switch in a switched fabric.
N_port (node port)2.30
An FC port that forms the connection between two FC switches
E_porta.k.a. expansion port2.30
A port on an FC switch that connects to an N_port
F_porta.k.a., fabric port 2.30
A generic port that can operate as an E_port or and F_port and determines its functionality automatically during intialization.
G_port2.30
Used to communicate between nodes within a FC SAN.Similar in functionality to an IP address on NICs.24-bit address, dynamically assigned.
Fibre Channel Address2.31
Three Components of a Fibre Channel Address
Domain ID (switch)Area ID (port group)Port ID (port)2.31
Two types of addresses used for communication in an FC SAN environment
1) Channel Address2) World Wide Name2.31
Unique 64 bit identifier.Static to the port, similar to a NIC’s MAC address.Used to physically identify ports or nodes within an FC SAN.
World Wide Name2.31
Unique identification number provided to each switch in an FC SAN.
Domain ID2.31
Used to identify a group of switch ports used to connect nodes.
Area ID2.31
A Fibre Channel switch function that enables nodes within the fabric to be logically segmented into groups that can communicate with each other.
Zoning2.32
In an FC environment, used to control server access to storage.
Zoning in conjunction with LUN masking2.32
Zoning takes place at what level?
Fabric level2.32
LUN Masking is done at what level?
Array Level2.32
3 type of zoning
1) Port zoning2) WWN zoning3) Mixed zoning2.32
Zoning that uses the FC addresses of the physical ports to define zones.Access to data is determined by the physical switch port to which a node is connected.Also called hard zoning.
Port zoning2.32
Also known as soft zoning.Allows the FC SAN to be re-cabled without reconfiguring the zone information.Uses World Wide Names to define zones.
WWN Zoning2.32
Zoning that enables a specific port to be tied to the WWN of a node.Combines qualities of both WWN zoning and port zoning.
Mixed zoning2.32
A technology that provides transfer of block level data over an IP network
IP-SAN2.34
Two primary protocols that leverage IP as the transport mechanism for block level data transmission
1) iSCSI (SCSI over IP)2) FCIP2.35
Compute-based encapsulation of SCSI I/O over IP using an Ethernet NIC, TCP/IP Offload Engine, or iSCSI HBA in the compute system.
iSCSI2.35
Three network adapters used in an iSCSI environment
1) Ethernet NIC card2) TCP/IP Offload Engine (TOE) card3) iSCSI HBA2.35
Uses a pair of bridges (FCIP gateways) communicating over TCP/IP
Fibre Channel over IP2.35
Widely adopted for connecting compute systems to storage because it is relatively inexpensive and easy to implement, especially in environments where an FC SAN does not exist.
iSCSI2.35
Used extensively in Disaster Recovery (DR) implementations, where data is duplicated to an alternate site.
FCIP2.35
Two iSCSI topologies
1) Native2) Bridged2.36
iSCSI topology with:1) No FC components, and2) iSCSI initiators connect directly to the storage array.
Native iSCSI Topology2.36
iSCSI topology with the following attributes:1) Translates iSCSIP/IP to FC,2) iSCSI initiator configured with bridge as target,3) Bridge acts as a virtual FC initiator, and4) Less common iSCSI topology
Bridged iSCSI Topology2.36
Device that issues commands to a target device to perform a task.
Initiator2.36
IP-based storage networking technology.Combines advantages of Fibre Channel and IP.Creates virtual FC link that connects devices in a different fabric.Distance extension solution.Tunneling protocol.
Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP)2.37
Used for data sharing over geographically dispersed SAN.
FCIP2.37
Transports FC block data over an existing IP infrastructure
FCIP2.37
Encapsulates Fibre Channel frames for transport over Enhanced Ethernet networks.Enables consolidation of SAN traffic and Ethernet traffic onto a common 10GigE infrastructure.Consolidates compute to compute and compute to storage communication over a single channel.
Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)2.38
Combines LAN and SAN traffic over a single 10GigE connection.
FCoE2.38
Contains Ethernet bridge and Fibre Channel Forwarder.
FCoE Switch2.40