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Prenatal Development > Embryonic Period > Flashcards

Embryonic Period Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during the embryonic period (stage)?

A
  1. blastocyst to embryo
  2. cytodifferentiation
  3. growths
  4. differentiation
  5. bilaminar embryonic disc
  6. trophoblastic layer
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2
Q

blastocyst becomes to embryo around what time frame?

A

from second to eighth week

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3
Q

differentiation occurs at various rates in the embryo. define cytodifferentiation

A

the development of different cell types

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4
Q

cytodifferentiation has receptors and processes. What are the receptors of the cytodifferentiation?

A
  1. none present
  2. couple receptors
  3. more receptors
  4. still more receptors
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5
Q

describe each receptors

A
  1. none present = cells die (cell death)
  2. couple receptors = cells survive
  3. more receptors = cells proliferate (come to life)
  4. still more receptors = cells differentiate (into different kinds of cells)
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6
Q

what are the two processes of the cytodifferntiation?

A
  1. autocrine process

2. paracrine process

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7
Q

what is meant by autocrine?

A

cell receives hormone or receptor stimulation from substances produce by itself

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8
Q

what is meant by paracrine process?

A

cell receives hormone or receptor stimulation from a substance produced by a different cell

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9
Q

receptor is also called?

A

hormone

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10
Q

what are the types of growth during the embryonic period?

A
  1. aptosis
  2. induction
  3. proliferation
  4. interstitial
  5. appositional
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11
Q

define each growth

A
  1. aptosis=programmed cell death (e.g. your webbed hand become fingers)
  2. induction=one group of cells starting the development of another cellular group
  3. proliferation=more cells
  4. interstitial = occurs deep within a tissue
  5. appositional=additional “outer” layer of cells
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12
Q

what are the differentiation types in the embryonic period

A
  1. histodifferentiation
  2. morphodifferentiation
  3. morphogenesis
  4. maturation
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13
Q

what is the definition of histodifferentiation?

A

development of different tissues within a structure

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14
Q

what is the definition of morphodifferentiation?

A

development of different forms (structure or shape)

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15
Q

what is the definition of morphogenesis?

A

process where tissues evolve into more complex structures or shapes
(the process of development of SPECIFIC tissue structure or shape; e.g. enamel)

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16
Q

what is the definition of maturation?

A

ongoing physiological processes which imparts the FINAL form/function

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17
Q

in the second week of embryonic period a _____ ______ ______ is developed from the blastocyst and appears as a flattened, essentially circular plate of bilayered cells

A

bilaminar embryonic disc

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18
Q

the bilaminar disc is suspended in the uterus’s endometrim b/w two fluid-filled cavities. Name them

A
  1. amniotic cavity

2. yolk sac

19
Q

the amniotic cavity is fluid filled and faces what layer?

A

the epiblast layer

20
Q

the yolk sac is fluid filled and faces what layer?

A

the hypoblast layer

21
Q

the yolk sac also serves as what for the embryonic disc?

A

serves as initial nourishment for the embryonic disc until the placenta is established

22
Q

the bilaminar embryonic disc has both a superior and inferior layer. What are they?

A
  1. epiblast layer, which is the superior layer

2. hypoblast layer, which is the inferior layer

23
Q

the epiblast, hypblast, amniotic cavity and the yolk sac are surrounded by what layer?

A

surrounded by the trophoblastic layer

24
Q

what is special about the trophoblast layer?

A

the trophoblast layer helps the bilaminar disc to embed in the uterine wall

25
Q

the third week in the embryonic period another cell is created. how and what is the name?

A

some cells from the epiblast layer move or migrate toward the hypoblast layer only in the area of the primitive streak. these migratory cells locate in the middle b/w the epiblast and hypoblast layers and become MESENCHYMAL CELLS, an embryonic connective tissue

26
Q

with three layers present, the bilaminar disc has become thickened into what kind of disc?

A

a trilaminar embryonic disc, thus the trilaminar disc has three embryonic cell layers.

27
Q

with the creation of this new embryonic cell layer of mesoderm, what happens?

A

the epiblast layer is now ectoderm

the hypoblast layer is now endoderm

28
Q

What are the three embryonic cell layers?

A

ectoderm
mesenchymal
hypoblast

29
Q

during the beginning of the third week of prenatal development within the embryonic period what is formed within the bilaminar disc?

A

the primitive streak is formed

30
Q

describe the primitive streak

A

furrowed, rod-shaped thickening in the middle of the disc

31
Q

the primitive streak is a result of what?

A

from an increased proliferation of cells in the midline area

32
Q

the primitive streak causes the disc to have bilateral symmetry, with a….

A

right half and left half

33
Q

mesenchymel is also called and inter changeable with?

A

mesoderm

34
Q

in addition, during the third week, another specialized group of cells are developed. what are they?

A

the neural crest cells

35
Q

the neural crest cells arise from what?

A

arise from proliferation of ectoderm adjacent to primitive streak

36
Q

the primitive streak matures into ____ which supports the ____ ______?

A

notochord; primitive embryo

37
Q

the neural crest cells are responsible for what structures?

A

the head and neck structures

38
Q

each embryonic cell layer is distinct from the others. how?

A

embryonic cell layer gives rise to specific tissue

39
Q

What does the ectoderm give rise to?

A

skin, CNS and PNS, hair, nails, ENAMEL, and lining of the oral cavity

40
Q

what does the mesoderm give rise to?

A

bone, muscles, circulatory and reproductive system, internal organs, DENTIN, PULP and CEMENTUM

41
Q

what does the endoderm give rise to?

A

lining of respiratory passage, glandular organs and digestive

42
Q

which cell layer gives the smallest contribution?

A

endoderm cell layer

43
Q

which cell layer gives the largest contribution?

A

mesoderm cell layer

44
Q

what should we remember about the mesoderm cell layer

A

the mesoderm cell layer arose from ECTODERM

Prenatal Development (14 decks)

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