Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCM > Embryonic Development > Flashcards

Embryonic Development Flashcards

1
Q

First trimester

A

Embryonic period

Weeks 1-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Second Trimester

A

Fetal period

Weeks 9-birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fertilization Calendar

A

Ovulatory calendar, starts once the egg and the sperm meet (fertilization is initiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Obstetrical calendar

A

Gestational calendar, menstrual calendar

Clinical calendar used, starts at the first day of the females LMP,

  • 2 weeks longer than menstrual calendar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Corona radiata

A

Cells from ovary (maternal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Acellular glycoprotein mesh work surrounding egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nucleus

A

Haploid cell, 23 chromosomes including (XX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Cell membrane of egg cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pervitelline space

A

Between zona pellucida and the cell membrane of the egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acrosome

A

Covers anterior 2/3 of head, contains enzymes to help sperm erode cell layers surrounding egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anatomy of Human sperm

A

Head
Neck
Tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tail

A

Middle piece
Principle Piece
End Piece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Middle piece

A

Contains mitochondria for motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fertilization

A

Day 0

Occurs in fallopian tube, specifically the ampula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Week 1

A 
Day 0-7
Fertilization
Formation of zygote
Formation of blastocyst
Implantation into the uterine wall

** Formation of inner cell mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ampula

A

Distal 2/3 of fallopian tube where egg and sperm first meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Capacitation

A

Glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma proteins are removed from plasma membrane of sperm

  • occurs in uterus and uterine tubes
  • takes approximately 7 Hours to complete
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acrosome reaction

A

Follows capacitation, sperm is ready to move through layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hydraluronidase

A

Enable passage of sperm through corona radiata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Penetration of Zona pellucida

A
  • Esterases, acrosine, and neuraminidase are secreted to help break through Zona pellucida
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Zona reaction

A

Once one sperm makes it in, no others can come in

  • block to polyspermy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Plasma membrane fusion

A

Of oocyte and sperm, head an tail of sperm enter oocyte cytoplasm, Mitochondria do NOT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Completion of second meiotic division

A
  • formation of male pronucleus

* fusion of male and female pronuclei -> zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Results of fertilization

A
  • completion of 2nd meiotic division
  • restoration of diploid number of chromosomes
  • determination of chromosomal sex of embryo
  • metabolic activation of oocyte
  • initiation of cleavage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Blastomeres

A

Cells once embryo is beginning to divide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cleavage

A

Increase in cell number, decrease in cell size, as size is regulated by zona pellucida

  • starts ~30 hours after fertilization
  • Embryo size is unchanged

Morula is developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Morula

A

16-32 cells, formed at ~ 3 days, enters uterus at ~ day 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Early blastocyst

A

Zona pellucida degenerating

Pluripotent cells formed, (stem cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Late blastocyst

A

Zona pelucida gone, embryo is one cell layer, and inner cell mass (stem cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Trophoblasts

A

Stem cells of the placenta

Differentiates into cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A
  • derived from the inner cell mass
  • Pluripotent- form virtually any cell or tissue type
  • therapeutic cloning and somatic nuclear transfer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Day 6

A

Implantation of trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Early pregnancy factor

A

Occurs 2 days after fertilization to suppress immune system so that fertilized cells are not destroyed

34
Q

Cytotrophoblast

A
  • stem cell layer
  • mitotically active (continue to divide and make cells)

Differentiate into syncytiotrophoblast

35
Q

Syncytiotrophoblast

A
  • Proteolytic enzymes for implantation, chorionic gonadotropin
  • Responsible for implantation and initial signal of pregnancy

No cell membrane, multinucleated, erode into uterine wall

36
Q

Hydatidiform mole

A

Abnormal trophoblast proliferation, excessive amounts of hCG produced

  • only have paternal DNA

Forms complete or partial mole

  • vaginal bleeding
  • pelvic pressure or pain
  • enlarged uterus
  • hyperemesis gravidarum
37
Q

Complete mole

A
  • fertilization of an empty oocyte followed by duplication of sperm
  • fertilization of empty oocyte by two sperm
38
Q

Partial mole

A

Fertilization of normal oocyte by two sperm

39
Q

Choriocarcinomas

A

Malignant tumor which develops from hydatidiform mole

Can metastasize to lungs, bone, vagina, brain, liver, or intestines

40
Q

Critical period

A

Weeks 3-8, if mom is exposed to environmental chemicals/factors the embryo is very susceptible to being affected and having mutations

41
Q

Week 2

A

Bilamminar disc is formed (embryo has 2 cell types and 2 cell layers)

  • Epiblast
  • Hypoblast
42
Q

Epiblast

A
  • Ectoderm
  • Amnion
  • Amniotic cavity
43
Q

Ectoderm

A

Skin, hair, nails, CNS

44
Q

Hypoblast

A

Never actually gets incorporated into the embryo (extra embryonic)

  • signaling
  • placeholder
  • gives rise to endoderm
45
Q

Endoderm

A
  • prechordal plate
  • primary and secondary yolk sac
  • Extraembryonic mesoderm
46
Q

Prechordal plate

A

Indicates location of mouth

47
Q

Primary Yolk sac (umbilical vesicle)

A

Initial formed

48
Q

Secondary yolk sac

A

Formed when part of primary yolk sac pinches off

  • area where first RBC’s are formed (in the lining of the yolk sac)
49
Q

Extraembryonic mesoderm

A

From endoderm that came from hypoblast

  • coelom
  • somatic
  • splanchnic
50
Q

Extraembryonic Coelom

A

Hollow cavity outside of the embryo

51
Q

Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm

A

Lining the trophoblast and covering the amnion

52
Q

Extraembryonic Splanchnic mesoderm

A

Lining the yolk sac (umbilical vesicle)

53
Q

Connecting stalk

A

Umbilical cord, derivative of estraembryonic Somatic mesoderm

  • forms at embryonic pole
  • position changes during development
54
Q

Primitive blood

A
  • extrembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

- forms in wall of yolk sac

55
Q

Chorion

A
  • extraembryonic somatic mesoderm
  • cytotrophoblast
  • synciotrophoblast
56
Q

Placenta previa

A

Embryo implants too close to the cervix

  • vaginal bleeding beyond 20 weeks gestation
57
Q

Internal os

A

Internal opening of the cervix

58
Q

Week 3

A

Galstrulation

  • Formation of 3 cell layers

CRITICAL time

CNS, heart, circulatory system form

59
Q

Gastrulation

A

Formation of 3 primary germ layers

  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
  • primitive streak is formed in epiblast
60
Q

Ectoderm

A

Skin, hair, nails, brain, and spinal cord

61
Q

Mesoderm

A

Muscle, bone, blood, heart, connective tissue

Structure and support of the body

62
Q

Endoderm

A

From epiblast, replace hypoblast

Forms lungs, digestive system, bladder

63
Q

Primitive streak

A
  • primitive knot/node
  • primitive groove
  • primitive pit

Forms in caudal (back) portion of epiblast

64
Q

Oropharyngeal membrane

A

From prechordal plate

Develops into mouth

Made from ectoderm and endoderm

65
Q

Cloacal membrane

A

Forms into anus, urethra, vagina

Made of endoderm and ectoderm

66
Q

Cardiogenic area

A

Heart forms above the head in the embryo

67
Q

Spetum transversum

A

Diaphragm, forms above head

68
Q

Teratoma

A
  • possible remnant of primitive streak

- possible abnormal migration of germ cells into inappropriate location

69
Q

Notochord

A
  • extends from primitive node (knot) anterior to prechordal plate
  • ** template for vertebral column
  • ** induces formation of neural plate and eventuallly CNS

** midline

70
Q

Chormdomas

A

Cancer of the bone

  • aggressive, slow growing
  • ***** arise from remnants of notochord
  • occur in axial skeleton in spheno-occipital region of the skull and sacral regions
71
Q

Mesoderm types

A
  1. Paraxial
  2. Intermediate
  3. Lateral plate
72
Q

Paraxial mesoderm

A
  • somites
73
Q

Somites

A
  • muscle
  • skeleton (vertebral), axial
  • dermi
74
Q

Myotome

A

Muscle

75
Q

Sclerotome

A

Skeleton

76
Q

Dermatome

A

Dermis

77
Q

Intermediate

A

Urogenital

78
Q

Urogenital

A

Kidneys

Gonads

79
Q

Lateral plate

A

Connective tissue

80
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • blood
  • lymph
  • mesenteries
  • cardiovascular

MCM (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions