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Monash Ultrasound > Embryology (Week 1 & 2) > Flashcards

Embryology (Week 1 & 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Neural folding is completed first at which region

A

Cervical

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2
Q

The kidneys will develop from which layer

A

The intermediate mesoderm

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3
Q

What is the most common site for an extrauterine pregnancy

A

Attachment to the ampulla of the fallopian tube

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4
Q

The mesonephros are present during which weeks

A

4-8

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5
Q

What day is associated with morula development

A

3-4 days , ~96 hrs

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6
Q

What vitamin is associated with a reduction in Spina Bifida

A

Folic Acid - vitamin B9

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7
Q

Human chorionic gonadotrophin is secreted by what cell layer

A

Trophoblast

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8
Q

Where does the epithelial layer of the gastrointestinal tract originate

A

The endoderm

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9
Q

The permanent kidney occurs is what stage

A

Metanephros

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10
Q

What week does the embryonic period finish at

A

8 weeks

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11
Q

The somatic and splanchnic lateral mesoderm together line what

A

The intra-embryonic coelom

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12
Q

Protrusion of both nerve tissue and meninges is classed as what type of neural tube defect

A

Meningomyelocele

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13
Q

The epididymis and ductus deferents develops from what duct

A

The mesonephric duct

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14
Q

Somites develop in a caudo-cranial or cranio-caudal sequence

A

Cranio-caudal

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15
Q

The failure of formation of the septum transversum results in what pathology

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

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16
Q

What cellular layer does the axial skeleton derive from

A

The para-axial mesoderm

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17
Q

What is the name given to a birth defect of the abdominal wall where the intestines, liver and other organs protrude through the base of the umbilical cord

A

Omphalocele

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18
Q

A horseshoe kidney remains in the pelvic region due to obstruction of which artery

A

The inferior mesenteric artery

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19
Q

What syndrome is associated with bilateral aplasie of the kidneys and oligohydramios

A

Pott’s Syndrome

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20
Q

Oligohydramnios occurs when there is a reduction in what

A

Amniotic fluid

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21
Q

Autosomal dominant poly cystic kidney disease is often associated with what symptoms

A

Hypertension and uremia

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22
Q

What pathology can develop from remnants of primitive streak

A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

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23
Q

Invagination of epiblast cells is associated with what major stage of embryonic development

A

Gastrulation

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24
Q

What is the name given for the period of pregnancy beginning from the first day of the last menstrual period to the estimated date of delivery

25
How is the embryonic age of a fetus is calculated
Gestational age less 2 weeks
26
How is the gestational age calculated
40 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period to the estimated date of delivery
27
During fertilisation, the sperm passes through what structure to penetrate the zona pellucida
Corona radiata
28
Cleavage begins approximately how many hours after fertilisation in the fallopian tube
30 hours
29
During cleavage, the zygote goes through rapid Lito tic divisions resulting in a rapid increase in cell numbers called what
Blastomeres
30
A morula is made up of a collection of approximately 30 of what type of cells
Blastomeres
31
Day 4 of fertilisation is categorised by the development of what
Blastocyst
32
A blastocyst has 3 main cellular layers
1. Zona pellucida - trophoblast layer 2. Inner cell mass 3. Blastocoel cavity
33
Trophoblast cells of the embryonic pole multiply and form what
Synchtiotrophoblast layer
34
What 2 groups of cells does the inner cell mass of a blastocyst divide into
Epiblast and hypo last
35
Which cells does the abembryonic pole consist of
Cytotrophoblast cells
36
What are the 2 cavities that form in a blastocyst
Amniotic cavity and blastocyst cavity
37
Complete implantation of the embryo into the endometrium is covered by what
A fibrin plug
38
What are the diagnostic test available for confirmation of an ectopic pregnancy
Pregnancy test + Ultrasound
39
What is the name given to a linear band of thickened epiblast that first appears at the caudal end of the embryo and grow cranially
The primitive streak
40
The bilaminar layer is made up of what cells
The epiblast and hypoblast
41
What is the name given to the layer when the epiblast cells move inward to form the intraembryonic mesoderm
Trilaminar layer
42
Gastrulation occurs with the establishment of the trilaminar embryonic disc and formation of what 3 primary germ cell layers
1.Ectoderm 2. Mesoderm 3. Endoderm
43
By the middle of week 3 the intraembryonic mesoderm separates what 2 germ layers
Ectoderm and endoderm
44
The intraembryonic mesoderm separates the ectoderm and endoderm everywhere except….
The oropharyngeal membrane cranially And The cloacal membrane caudally
45
What is the process that see cells migrating cranially through the primitive node which defines the primitive axis of the embryo
Notochordal process
46
What is the name given to a cellular rod-like structure that defines the longitudinal axis and gives some rigidity
Notochord
47
The notochord degenerate as the bodies of the vertebrae form but small portion of it persists in what structure of the vertebral disc
Nucleus pulposus
48
The embryonic ectoderm gives rise to what tissues
Epidermis, nervous system, the eye, inner ear, neural crest cells
49
The embryonic mesoderm gives rise to what tissues
Skeletal muscles, connective tissue, dermis, visceral smooth muscle, dérida of linings of body cavities, ducts and organs of the reproductive and excretory system, heart & CVS
50
The embryonic endoderm gives rise to what tissues
Epithelial linings of respiratory & digestive tracts including glandular cells of liver and pancreas
51
What is the name given to the process of the neural tube formation
Neurulation
52
What does the neural plate give rise to
CNS - brain, spinal cord and retina
53
What day does the closure of the neural tube occur
25th day
54
What signifies the formation of the neural tube
When closure of caudal neuropore occurs
55
Name the types of neural tube defects
Spina bifida occulta Spina bifida cystica: meningocoele and meningomyelocoele Rachischisis
56
High levels of what in the amniotic fluid can indicate spina bifida
Alpha-fetoprotein - AFP
57
How many weeks can the vertebrae be visualised to aid in detection of spinal defects
12 weeks gestation
58
Name a syndrome that is an example of the failure of neural crest cells to migrate
Di-George Syndrome
59
Name the 3 layers of the mesoderm
1. Paraxial mesoderm 2. Intermediate mesoderm 3. Lateral Plate which is subdivided into somatic (parietal) and splanchnic (visceral)

Monash Ultrasound (2 decks)

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