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MSK 1 > Embryology Terms > Flashcards

Embryology Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Gamete

A

Sperm in males

Oocyte in females

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2
Q

Sperm Head

A

Majority of the sperm, contains nucleus

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3
Q

Sperm Neck

A

Junction between head and tail

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4
Q

Sperm Tail

A

Provides the motility to the fertilization site

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5
Q

Acrosome

A

Located in the head of the sperm, contains digestive enzymes required to penetrate egg membrane

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6
Q

Corona radiata

A

Outer layer of cells that is firmly anchored to the zona pellucida

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7
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Thick later of glycoproteins surrounding the oocyte

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8
Q

Primary oocyte

A

Cell that has completed meiosis I

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9
Q

Secondary oocyte

A

Enters meiosis II, but stops at metaphase II until fertilization or the menstrual cycle

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10
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Cells responsible folliculogenesis

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11
Q

Cumulus oophorous

A

Anchor oocyte to the follicle wall

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12
Q

Mural granulosa cells

A

Line of wall of the follicle

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13
Q

Female pronucleus

A

Nucleus of oocyte after fertilization

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14
Q

Male pronucleus

A

Nucleus of sperm after fertilization

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15
Q

Zygote

A

Fusion of male and female pronuclei, giving 46 chromosomes

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16
Q

Polyspermy

A

Multiple sperms penetrating the oocyte

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17
Q

Compaction

A

Number of cells will increase, but the size of each cell will decrease. Occurs after 9-cell stage

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18
Q

Morula

A

“Little blackberry”, grouping of cells, at about 12-32 cells, in development

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19
Q

Blastocyst

A

The embryo and its membranes

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20
Q

-blast

A

To turn into

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21
Q

Trophoblast layer

A

Cells that will become the placenta

Cytotrophoblast + syntiotrophoblast layers

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22
Q

Embryoblast

A

Forming the embryo, also known as embryonic stem cells. Presents after ‘hatching’ of blastocyst from zona pellucida

23
Q

Blastogenesis

A

Formation of blastocyst

24
Q

Mosaics

A

Individuals with numeric mosaicism

Common in trisomies

25
Q

Cytotrophoblasts

A

Inner layer of trophoblasts layer

26
Q

Syncytiotrophoblasts

A

Multinucleated protoplasm is mass without cell boundaries.

These cells will ‘chew up’ and evade the endometrium to have blastocyst burrow into the wall

27
Q

Hypoblasts

A

Formation by Day 7. Small cuboidal cells adjacent to the exocoelomic cavity.

28
Q

Epiblast

A

Layer of columnar cells deep to the hypoblast, forms the embryo

29
Q

Amniotic cavity

A

Cavity that will eventually fill with amniotic fluid, used for nutrition and support

30
Q

Amnion

A

Cells that form the amniotic cavity

31
Q

Primary umbilical vesicle

A

Hypoblast + exocoelomic membrane

32
Q

Extraembryonic mesoderm

A

Surrounds the amnion and umbilical vesicle

33
Q

Extraembryonic coelom

A

large, fluid-filled cavity surrounds the amnion and primary umbilical vesicle

34
Q

Secondary umbilical vesicle

A

Formation from hypoblast cells, site of primordial germ cells. The majority of the primary umbilical vesicle will pinch off and leave this.

35
Q

Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm

A

Lines the trophoblast and amnion

36
Q

Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

A

Surrounds the umbilical vesicle

37
Q

Chorion

A

Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm + trophoblast

Outermost fetal membrane, forms wall of the chorionic sac

38
Q

Connecting stalk

A

Connection between extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm and extraembryonic somatic mesoderm, becomes umbilical cord

39
Q

Primary germ layers

A

‘Most important step of development’

Gives rise to all adult structures, establishes the body plan ‘tube within a tube’

40
Q

Primitive streak

A

Thin depression on the surface of epiblast

41
Q

Trilaminar embryonic disc

A

When endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm is present

42
Q

Embryonic endoderm

A

Displacement of hypoblast

Forms epithelial linings of respiratory and digestive tracts, glands opening into the GI tract, and glandular cells of accessory of GI organs (such as liver or pancreas)

43
Q

Embryonic ectoderm

A

Cells remaining in the epiblast

Give rise to epidermis of skin and epidermal derivatives, central and peripheral nervous systems, neural crest cells, eyes and internal ears.

44
Q

Embryonic mesoderm

A

Cells that remain in between the endoderm and ectoderm

Give rise to all skeletal muscle, visceral smooth muscular coats, serosal linings of all body cavities, urogenital ducts and organs, most of cardiovascular system, blood cells, and lining of Vasculature, and cartilage, bones, tendons, ligaments, dermis, and stroma of internal organs in the trunk

45
Q

Ingression

A

Movement of epiblast cells through the primitive streak to relocate between the epiblast and hypoblast layers

46
Q

Primitive pit

A

Depression in the primitive node

47
Q

Primitive node

A

Area of primitive streak

48
Q

Notochordal process

A

Forms from primitive node and pit toward the cranial end

49
Q

Prechordal plate

A

Becomes the site of future mouth, end point of growth of notochordal process

50
Q

Notochord canal

A

Lumen of the notochordal process

51
Q

Notochord

A

Solid rod derived from the primitive node (mesodermally) derived. This functions as a primary inductor (signaling center) in the early embryo.

52
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Early form of intervertebral discs. Created from the degeneration of notochord to form vertebral bodies.

53
Q

Caudal eminence

A

Tail bud of organism

MSK 1 (1 decks)

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