embryology quiz questions

Question 1

what embryonic layer contributes to the formation of the serous membranes that line the outside of the abdominal organs, lungs and heart?

Answer 1

The mesoderm

Question 2

the diaphragm develops from the fusion of what structures?

Answer 2

somites, pleuroperitoneal membranes, mesentery of the esophagus.

Question 3

during development of the stomach, it rotates to what degree around what axis?

Answer 3

the stomach rotates 90 degres clockwise around its long axis

Question 4

Describe the innervation of the esophagus

Answer 4

Vagus nerve in the upper 2/3rd, celiac plexus in the lower 1/3rd.

Question 5

case: a boy presents with severe lower left quadrant abdominal pain, distension, nausea, vomiting, and absent bowel movements (all signs of a bowel obstruction). What are you thinking?

Answer 5

Symptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum.

the symptoms of this mimic appendicitis

Question 6

A meckel diverticulum develops because ____?

Answer 6

The vitelline duct fails to be obliterated. it can form a cyst or a fistula

Question 7

which of the following structures are NOT dervied from the foregut?
a. spleen
b. pancreas
c. lungs
d. liver

Answer 7

the spleen is NOT dervied from the foregut.

Question 8

which of the following structures if supplied by a branch of the celiac trunk?
a. stomach
b. lungs
c. appendix
d. jejunum

Answer 8

the stomach is supplied by the celiac trunk because it comes from the fore gut.
the foregut is supplied by the celiac trunk.

this includes: pharynx and respiratory system, esophagus, duodenum, liver, biliary apparatus, pancreas.

Question 9

which of the following congenital malformations are associated with polyhydramnios during pregnancy?

Answer 9

esophageal astresia

astresia is when the esophagus ends in a blind tube. polyhydramnios (increase in amniotic fluid in pregnancy) is a clinical symptoms