Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Embryology of the GIT > Flashcards

Embryology of the GIT Flashcards

1
Q

The hindgut includes the ascending part of the colon. True/False?

A

False.

The ascending colon is part of the misgut. The hindgut starts from the distal ⅓ of the transverse colon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which structure is the last to reenter the abdominal cavity during the retraction process?

A. Cecum
B. Jejunum
C. Proximal ⅔ of the transverse colon
D. Lateral 3rd of the colon

A

A. Cecum

–

1st to enter is the proximal jejunum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The liver develops within which of the ff embryonic structures?

A. Dorsal mesogastrium
B. Ventral mesogastrium
C. Septum transversum
D. Primitive foregut

A

A. Dorsal mesogastrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The liver bud is derived from which segment of the developing GIT?

A. Foregut
B. Midgut
C. Hindgut

A

A. Foregut

At 3rd wk gestation, the liver primordium appears as an outgrowth of the endodermal epithelium of the distal end of the foregut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The pectinate line delineates the surgical anal canal from the rectum. True/False?

A

False.

It delineates the endodermal and ectodermal regions of the anal canal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the ff structures initially develops intraperitoneally then becomes retroperitoneal?

A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Pancreas
D. Stomach
E. None of the above
A

C. Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This abnormality is due to the spontaneous posterior deviation of the tracheoesophageal septum and the mechanical factor pushing the dorsal wall of the foregut anteriorly.

A. Esophageal atresia
B. Biliary atresia
C. Annular pancreas
D. Accessory pancreatic tissue

A

A. Esophageal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The dorsal mesogastrium shifts to the left forming a space behind the stomach called _________

A

Omental bursa or Lesser Peritoneal Sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ventral mesogastrium differentiates into the ff EXCEPT:

A. Lesser Omentum
B. Greater Omentum
C. Falciform Ligament
D. Peritoneum of the Liver

A

B. Greater Omentum

  • from the DORSAL mesogastrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The production of hormones from the pancreas starts at what period during gestation?

A. 3rd week
B. 3rd month
C. 5th week
D. 5th month

A

D. 5th month

  • specifically, insulin
  • glucagon- and somatostatin-secreting cells also develop
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The mesentery proper is derived from which of the ff germ layers?

A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm

A

C. Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The duodenum is formed by the ____ part of the foregut and the ____ part of the midgut

A. cephalic, terminal
B. cephalic, cephalic
C. terminal, terminal
D. terminal, cephalic

A

D. terminal, cephalic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the ff is a derivative of the fusion of the parenchyma and the ventral pancreatic bud?

A. Head of the pancreas
B. Duct of Santorini
C. Body and tail of the pancreas
D. Uncinate process

A

D. Uncinate process

Ventral:

  • uncinate process
  • inferior part of head

Dorsal:

  • head (majority)
  • body and tail
  • duct of Santorini

Ventral and distal:
- Duct of Wirsung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At 10th week of development, which of the ff events happen/s?

A. Epithelial liver cords intermingle with the vitelline and umbilical veins, forming hepatic sinusoids.
B. Bile is formed by the GIT.
C. Liver increases in size (approx. 10% of body weight)
D. The liver bud and the duodenum narrow to form the bile duct.

A

C. Liver increases in size (approx. 10% of body weight)

  • increased number of liver sinusoids
  • start of hematopoeitic function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Due to the rapid growth of the liver, the abdominal cavity becomes too small to contain the intestinal loops. As a consequence, the loops enter the extraembryonic cavity in a process known as the ___________

A

Physiologic umbilical herniation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The midgut is composed of the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and proximal ⅔ of the transverse colon. Which of the above stated parts is not supplied by the SMA?

A. Ileum
B. Jejunum
C. Duodenum
D. None of the above

A

D. None of the above

All segments from the distal duodenum to the proximal ⅔ of the transverse colon are supplied by the SMA. This marks the junction between the midgut and hindgut. The distal ⅓ of the transverse colon is supplied by the IMA.

17
Q

The ff are derived from the mesoderm of the septum transversum EXCEPT

A. Hematopoeitic cells
B. Parenchyma
C. Kupffer cells
D. Connective tissue
E. None of the above
A

B. Parenchyma

  • differentiated from the liver cords
  • forms the lining of the biliary duct
18
Q

Herniation of the abdominal viscera through an enlarged umbilical ring; viscera is covered by amnion.

A

Omphalocele

–

Gastroschisis - viscera are NOT covered by amnion

19
Q

The foregut ends at the _____. Beyond it is the midgut.

A

Liver bud

19
Q

The urorectal septum

A. Separates the region between the hindgut and the allantois
B. Is derived from the merging of ectoderm and the surrounding allantois
C. Is also known as the primitive anorectal canal
D. Enters the posterior portion of the cloaca

A

A. Separates the region between the hindgut and the allantois

B. Is derived from the merging of ectoderm and the surrounding allantois
- not ectoderm but MESODERM of the yolk sac

C. Is also known as the primitive anorectal canal
- CLOACA

D. Opens to the posterior portion of the cloaca
- HINDGUT

20
Q

Which of the following does not happen on the 7th week?

A. Anal pit is formed from the invagination of the ectoderm of proctodeum.
B. Perineal body is formed from the tip of the urogenital septum.
C. Hidgut opens to the posterior region of the cloaca.
D. The pectinate line delineates the endodermal and ectodermal regions of the anal canal.

A

C. Hidgut opens to the posterior region of the cloaca

This happens on the end of the 1st month (4th week gestation).

21
Q

Which of the ff does NOT happen during the 6th week of gestation?

A. Development of the appendix
B. Physiologic umbilical herniation
C. Appearance of the cecal bud
D. 90 degree rotation of the midgut

A

A. Development of the appendix

This happens during the descent of the colon to the right iliac fossa (10th week).

Anatomy (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions