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Ocular Anatomy quiz #3 > Embryology of the Eye > Flashcards

Embryology of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

what two tissues form the eye

A

ectoderm (neural and surface) and mesenchyme

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2
Q

what is responsible for the development of many ocular structures

A

induction

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3
Q

what are the 3 germ layers in development

A

ectoderm (outer), mesoderm (middle), and endoderm (inner)

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4
Q

what do the 3 germ layers form

A

the embryonic plate

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5
Q

what is the neural groove

A

a longitudinal groove that forms down the neural plate, where the neural folds form from

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6
Q

what does the neural plate give rise to

A

the central nervous system and eye

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7
Q

what is the neural tube made of

A

neural ectoderm

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8
Q

what surrounds the neural ectoderm

A

mesoderm (covered by neural ectoderm on the dorsal side)

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9
Q

what are the 2 kinds of ectoderm

A

neural and surface

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10
Q

what are the neural crest cells

A

when the neural folds are moving towards another to fuse, these cells form and become specialized between the neural tube and surface ectoderm (in the mesoderm)

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11
Q

what is mesenchyme

A

includes mesoderm and neural crest cells

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12
Q

what are the optic pits

A

small depressions that form as the neural tube is closing

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13
Q

what are the optic vesicles

A

when the optic pits begin to form outer pits that extend from the lateral aspect of the forebrain

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14
Q

what is the optic stalk

A

the proximal portion of each optic vesicle near the forebrain begins to constrict and form the optic stalk

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15
Q

what is continuous with the 3rd ventricle of the brain

A

a cavity inside the optic vesicle and optic stalk

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16
Q

what is the inferior optic fissure

A

the opening of the optic stalk that allows the Hyaloid vasculature to enter the stalk, it will then close after

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17
Q

what is the inferior optic fissure called after it closes

A

optic canal

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18
Q

what structures come from the optic cup inner layer

A

neural retina, non-pigmented ciliary epithelium, iris posterior pigmented epithelium

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19
Q

what structures come from the optic cup outer layer

A

RPE, pigmented ciliary epithelium, iris anterior pigmented epithelium

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20
Q

what is induction

A

the influence a structure has on another structure

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21
Q

what is the lens plate or lens placode

A

when the optic vesicle was in contact with the surface ectoderm, the surface ectoderm thickens to form it

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22
Q

what does the lens plate form

A

it elongates and invaginates to for the lens pit and then closes to form the lens vesicle

23
Q

what happens to the lens vesicle to form the embryologic nucleus

A

the posterior epithelial cells elongate anteriorly to fill the cavity and are now referred to as primary lens fibers

24
Q

what form the lens bow

A

the primary epithelial cells move anteriorly and form a bow (no sutures yet)

25
Q

what do the first set of secondary lens fibers form

A

they surround the embryonic nucleus and meet as anterior upright Y sutures and posterior inverted Y sutures

26
Q

what will remain if the hyaloid vasculature does not fully resorb by birth

A

Bergmeisters papilla and Mittendorf’s dot

27
Q

what does the Hyaloid vasculature give rise to

A

the central retinal artery and vein

28
Q

what does the developing RPE induce to form

A

choriocapillaries from the mesenchyme

29
Q

which layer pigmented or nonpigmented ciliary epithelium forms the ciliary processes

A

the pigmented form the processes and the NPE follow

30
Q

when is aqueous humor produced

A

around 4-6 months of gestation

31
Q

where is the ciliary body stroma made from

A

neural crest cells

32
Q

where is the ciliary muscle derived from

A

mesenchyme

33
Q

where does the iris come from

A

the rim of the optic cup, between the lens and cornea

34
Q

where are the iris sphincter and dilator from

A

neural ectoderm (only muscles that are)

35
Q

what is the iris stroma formed from

A

mesenchyme

36
Q

where does the pupillary membrane form

A

between the lens epithelium and the corneal endothelium

37
Q

what is the pupillary membrane made from

A

transient structure from mesenchyme, resorbed by birth

38
Q

how do the anterior and posterior chambers form

A

they develop as slits and eventually communicate when the pupillary membrane disappears

39
Q

what is trabecular meshwork derived from

A

mesenchyme

40
Q

what is schlemms canal derived from

A

deep scleral plexus

41
Q

what does the fibrilar material secreted by embryonic retina and ectodermal cells of the lens form

A

the primary vitreous

42
Q

when does the secondary vitreous form

A

as the optic cup continues to increase in size

43
Q

where does the secondary vitreous come from

A

neural retina and degenerating hyaloid vasculature

44
Q

what is the first layer of the retina to form

A

the RPE

45
Q

what is the retina formed from

A

the inner layer of the optic cup

46
Q

what area of the retina is the first to form

A

the macular area, the thickest area for awhile

47
Q

what is the last portion of the retina to fuly develop

A

the foveola

48
Q

what induces the formation of the cornea

A

the lens vesicle

49
Q

what is the corneal epithelium derived from

A

surface ectoderm

50
Q

what is the corneal endothelium derived from

A

neural crest cells

51
Q

what is the corneal stroma derived from

A

mesenchyme

52
Q

what is the sclera derived from

A

condensations of mesenchyme outside the optic cup

53
Q

how do the eyelids develop

A

as folds (epithelial buds) of surface ectoderm, filled with mesenchyme

54
Q

are the eyelids fused together until they are fully developed

A

yes

Ocular Anatomy quiz #3 (4 decks)

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