embryology of cardiovascular system

Question 1

what is the pericardial cavity formed from?

Answer 1

intraembryonic coelom

Question 2

in week 3, what is the cardiogenic field?

Answer 2

when blood vessels first appear in yolk sac

Question 3

what do blood vessels in lateral plate splanchnic mesoderm form?

Answer 3

2 primitive heart (endocardial) tubes

Question 4

how is the primordial cardiovascular system formed?

Answer 4

heart tubes fuse and join blood vessels in other areas

Question 5

what does truncus arteriousus form?

Answer 5

ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

aortic sac -> aortic arches

Question 6

what does bulbus cordis form?

smooth parts

Answer 6

aortic vestibule of the left ventricle
conus arteriosus of the right ventricle

Question 7

what does the primitive ventricle form?

Answer 7

trabecular(rough) walls of left and right ventricles

Question 8

what does the primitive atrium form?

Answer 8

left and right atria

Question 9

what does the sinous venous form?

Answer 9

coronary sinus

smooth walls of the right atrium

Question 10

what is the fold of the primitive heart tube called?

Answer 10

bulboventricular loop

Question 11

describe the formation of bulboventricular loop

Answer 11

bulbus cordis and ventricle enlarge and loop to the right

atrium pushed frontwards, down and right

ventricle pushed backwards, up and left

Question 12

what is dextrocardia?

Answer 12

abnormal cardiac looping of heart tube to the left

Question 13

what does the endocardial cushion growth do?

Answer 13

divides atrioventricular canal into left and right.

Question 14

what is the role of foramen ovale before and after birth?

Answer 14

before birth
- allows passage of blood
- prevents blood moving in opposite direction

after birth
- closes due to increased pressure

Question 15

describe the formation of primitive atrium into left and right atria

Answer 15

septum primum forms and extends to endocardial cushion which makes a ostium(hole/gap)

before ostium (hole) primum closes, another hole (ostium secundum) forms in the septum primum

a second septum (secundum) forms with a hole called foremen ovale -> blood shunt

Question 16

what happens to septum primum and septum secundum after birth?

Answer 16

they fuse together

Question 17

what is fossa ovalis

Answer 17

remnant of foramen ovale

Question 18

what happens to ductus arteriosus?

la of lpa and a

Answer 18

ligamentum arteriosum between left pulmonary artery and aorta

Question 19

what happens to ductus venosus?

lv of l

Answer 19

becomes ligamentum venosum of liver

Question 20

what is a patent (open) foramen ovale?

Answer 20

common congenital atrial septal defect
- hole in the heart

Question 21

describe partition of primitve ventricle

Answer 21

muscular ventricular septum forms

forms an opening between ventricles
-> interventricular foramen

aorticopulmonary septum spirally divides bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus
-> aorta and pulmonary trunk

bottom of spiral aorticopulmonary septum fuses with muscular ventricular septum and endocardial cushion
-> membranous interventricular septum

interventricualr foramen closes

Question 22

what is the most common congenital heart defect?

Answer 22

ventricular septal defect

Question 23

during week 5, how many bilateral aortic arches are formed from aortic sac of truncus arteriosus?

Answer 23

6 pairs

Question 24

what happens to 1st, 2nd and 5th aortic arches?

Answer 24

disappears

Question 25

what happens to the 3rd aortic arches?

Answer 25

forms carotid arteries

Question 26

what happens to the 4th right aortic arch?

Answer 26

forms right subclavian artery

Question 27

what happens to 4th left aortic arch?

Answer 27

forms aortic arch

Question 28

what happens to 6th right aortic arch?

Answer 28

forms right pulmonary artery

Question 29

what happens to 6th left aortic arch?

Answer 29

forms left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus