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DBCS Embryology > Embryology III > Flashcards

Embryology III Flashcards

1
Q

During the 4th week, folding of the _____ occurs

A

Embryonic Disk

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2
Q
  1. In what two directions does folding of the embryonic disc occur?
A
  1. Craniocaudally
  2. Laterally
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3
Q

Folding of the embryonic disc occurs due to growth of 2 things..

A
  1. Embryo
  2. Amnion
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4
Q

During embryonic folding, this is the connection between the yolk sac (which is being pinched off) and the developing gut

A

Vitelline Duct

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5
Q
  1. In the developing embryo, which tissue is most dorsal?
  2. It causes folding, but stays put. Why does it stay where it is?
A
  1. The ectoderm
  2. It is anchored by the notochord
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6
Q

While it is ectoderm that expands during folding of the embryonic disc, what is really expanding?

A

Neural Plate

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7
Q

Identify the structures in the picture

A
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8
Q

Identify the structures in the picture (different angle)

A
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9
Q
  1. The gut tube is formed by
  2. The body wall is formed by
A
  1. Slanchnic Mesoderm
  2. Somatic Mesoderm
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10
Q

What happens to the yolk sac?

A

It degenerates and disappers in the fetal period

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11
Q

When does the primitive streak disappear?

A

By the end of the 4th week

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12
Q

Identify what NC and what the green arrow are

A

Green arrow = surface ectoderm, NC = neural crest cells

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13
Q
  1. The pharyngeal arches evolved from what?
  2. What are they in humans?
A
  1. Gill arches
  2. Lower jaw, face, and neck structures
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14
Q
  1. How many arches are there and what are their numbers?
  2. How do they develop?
A
  1. 5 (1,2,3,4,6)
  2. Craniocaudally
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15
Q

When do the pharyngeal archces begin to form and stop forming?

A

Day 22; ends early 5th week

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16
Q

The grooves between arches are called…

A

Clefts

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17
Q

Name the structures

A
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18
Q

What cells migrate to the pharyngeal arches?

A

Neural Crest Cells

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19
Q

Each pharyngeal arch is surrouned by:

A

Mesenchyme

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20
Q
  1. Within the pharyngeal arches is what tissue?
  2. Outside of them is…
A
  1. Endoderm
  2. Ectoderm
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21
Q

What 4 things do pharyngeal arches contain?

A
  1. Cartilage Element
  2. Striated muscle
  3. Cranial Nerve
  4. Aortic Arch Artery
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22
Q

Identify the pharyngeal cleft, pouch, pharynx floor, and pharyngeal membrane

A

Membrane is tissue between pouch and cleft

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23
Q

The cartilages in the pharyngeal arch is formed from

A

Neural Crest Cells

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24
Q
  1. In arch 1, this forms the incus and the alisphenoid
  2. Is this maxillary or mandibular?
A
  1. Palatopterygoquadrate bar
  2. Maxillary
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25
1. In arch 1, this forms the malleus and phenomandibular ligament 2. Is this maxillary or mandible?
1. Meckel's Cartilage 2. Mandible
26
This forms the stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, and the lesser horns and upper rim of the hyoid
Reichert's Cartilage (arch 2)
27
This arch forms the greater horns and lower rim of the hyoid
Arch 3
28
These arches have the larynx cartilages
Arches 4 & 6
29
What are arch 1, 2 and 3 called?
1. Mandibular arch (even though it's got both maxillary and mandibular components) 2. Hyoid Arch 3. Lower portion of hyoid
30
Identify the cartilaginous arches
31
Identify the structures formed by the cartilage in the arches
32
What nerve does arch one form?
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V), the mandibular division in particular
33
What nerve does arch 2 form?
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
34
What nerve does arch 3 form?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
35
What nerve does arch 4 form?
Vagus (CN X) - superior laryngeal nerve
36
What nerve does arch 6 form?
Vagus (CN X) - recurrent laryngeal nerve
37
Identify the nerves formed from the arches
38
What muscles does arch 1 form?
1. Muscles of mastication, 2 tensors (tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini)
39
What musculature does arch 2 form?
Muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
40
What musculature does arch 3 form?
Stylopharyngeus
41
What musculature does arch 4 form?
Pharngeal Constrictors, Cricothyroid, Levator Veli Palatini
42
What musculature does arch 6 form?
Muscles of the larynx (intrinsic)
43
What is the artery of arch 1?
Maxillary artery
44
What is the artery of arch 2?
Stapedial Artery
45
What is the artery of arch 3?
Common Carotid Artery
46
What is/are the artery/arteries of arch 4?
Arch of the aorta (left) or the Subclavian artery (right)
47
What is the artery of arch 6?
Ductus Arteriosus
48
Identify the pharyngeal arteries
49
At the end of the 4th week, what promininces of the face have been developed?
1. Frontonasal prominence 2. Maxillary Prominence 3. Mandibular prominences
50
Identify the prominences
51
1. At the end of the 5th week, there is proliferation of _______ in the mandibular prominences 2. What ruptures (undergoes apoptosis)?
1. Mesenchyme 2. Oropharyngeal Membrane
52
1. What is above the oropharyngeal membrane? 2. What is below it?
1. Maxillary prominence 2. Mandibular prominence
53
1. From the 5th to 6th weeks, there is growth of the _______ prominences 2. The nasal ________ form 3. The nasal ______ also form
1. Maxillary 2. Nasal Placodes 3. Nasal Pits
54
There are 3 parts to the nasal pit
1. Medial nasal process 2. Lateral Nasal Process 3. Nasolacrimal groove
55
Identify the parts of development for the development of the face during the 5th-6th weeks
56
Identify the structures of the 5th-6th week of facial development
57
1. From the 6th-7th weeks of development, the medial nasal processes fuse to form the... 2. Then, the above structure and maxillary prominces fuse to form 2 things
1. Intermaxillary process 2. Philtrum 3. Primary Palate 4. (also bridge of nose)
58
This part of the palate goes up to the incisive foramen, excluding the palatine bone and process
Primary Palate
59
During the 7th week, what 3 things form...
1. Nasolacrimal duct 2. Lacrimal Sac 3. Nasal Passages (form from nasal pits)
60
1. What other part of the palate is formed during the 7th week? 2. What does it form from?
1. Secondary Plate 2. Palatine Shelf
61
These 3 common syndromes form from abnormal/defective palatine shelf/lip formation
1. Unilateral cleft lip 2. Bilateral cleft lip 3. Cleft Palate

DBCS Embryology (3 decks)

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