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Embryology general Flashcards

1
Q

22q11 Deletions are associated with what cardiac defects?

A

truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot

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2
Q

Down syndrome is associated with what cardiac defects?

A

VSD, ASD (ostium primum type), AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect)

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3
Q

Turner syndrome is associated with what cardiac defects?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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4
Q

Cardiac defects in offspring of a diabetic mother?

A

Transposition of the great vessels

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5
Q

Cardiac defects associated with congenital rubella

A

Septal defects, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis

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6
Q

Cardiac defects associated with Marfan syndrome

A

Aortic insufficiency (late complication)

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7
Q

Cardiac defect associated with fetal alcohol syndrome?

A

VSD

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8
Q

Treatment for PDA?

A

indomethacin - Decreases PGE, which maintains patency

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9
Q

4 features of tetralogy of fallot

A

pulmonic stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, VSD, aorta that overrides the VSD

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10
Q

What does the heart looked like on x-ray in tetralogy of fallot?

A

Boot shaped

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11
Q

What stage eggs arrested in before puberty?

A

Prophase of meiosis I

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12
Q

saccrococygeal teratomas are thought to arise from what embryonic structure?

A

Primitive streak

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13
Q

What is the vitelline duct?

A

connects the yoke sac to the midgut. can persist as Meckel’s diverticulum, which is sort of like an extra appendix in the distal ileum (commonly 30 in from ileocecal valve), and can present with painless brick red bleeding (average age around 2). More common in females

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14
Q

Anterior pituitary germ layer

A

surface ectoderm

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15
Q

Melanocytes germ layer

A

Neural crest

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16
Q

Bones of skull germ layer

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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17
Q

Serious membranes around limbs germ layer

A

Somatic/parietal lateral mesoderm

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18
Q

gut tube epithelium and glands germ layer

A

Endoderm

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19
Q

Sensory epithelium: nose, eye, ear germ layer

A

Surface ectoderm

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20
Q

Lens of eye germ layer

A

Surface ectoderm

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21
Q

Muscle germ layer

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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22
Q

Autonomic nervous system germ layer

A

Neural crest

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23
Q

vertebrae germ layer

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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24
Q

Three main divisions of paraxial mesoderm

A

Sclerotome (bone, cartilage), dermatome (dermis, subcutaneous), myotome (muscle)

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25
Q

Two main divisions of lateral mesoderm

A

Visceral/splachnic and parietal/somatic

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26
Q

Dura mater germ layer

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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27
Q

Connective tissue germ layer

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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28
Q

Lungs germ layer

A

Endoderm

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29
Q

Serious membranes and smooth muscles and connective tissue of viscera germ layer

A

splanchnic/visceral lateral mesoderm

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30
Q

Body wall germ layer

A

Somatic/parietal lateral mesoderm

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31
Q

Liver germ layer

A

Endoderm

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32
Q

Pancreas germ layer

A

Endoderm

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33
Q

Dorsal root ganglia germ layer

A

Neural crest

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34
Q

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) germ layer

A

neuroectoderm

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35
Q

CNS neurons germ layer

A

Neuroectoderm

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36
Q

Cranial nerves germ layer

A

Neural crest

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37
Q

Chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla germ layer

A

Neural crest

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38
Q

Thymus germ layer

A

Endoderm

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39
Q

Bone germ layer

A

Paraxial mesoderm

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40
Q

Urogenital system germ layer

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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41
Q

Parathyroid germ layer

42
Q

Thyroid follicular cells germ layer

43
Q

enterochromaffin cells germ layer

A

Neural crest

44
Q

Pia and arachnoid germ layer

A

Neural crest

45
Q

Celiac ganglion, autonomic ganglia

A

Neural crest

46
Q

Oligodendrocytes germ layer

A

neuroectoderm

47
Q

Parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid germ layer

A

Neural crest

48
Q

Epidermis, hair, nails germ layer

A

surface ectoderm

49
Q

Astrocytes germ layer

A

neuroctoderm

50
Q

Schwann cells germ layer

A

Neural crest

51
Q

odontoblasts germ layer

A

Neural crest

52
Q

Spleen germ layer

A

Intermediate mesoderm

53
Q

Gallbladder germ layer

54
Q

Laryngeal cartilage germ layer

A

Neural crest

55
Q

Bones of face, jaw, and ossicles of ear germ layer

A

Neural crest

56
Q

Ependymal cells (glia) germ layer

A

neuroectoderm

57
Q

Pineal gland germ layer

A

neuroectoderm

58
Q

Postnatal derivative of umbilical vein

A

ligamentum teres hepatic

59
Q

Postnatal derivative of umbilical arteries

A

Medial umbilical ligament

60
Q

Postnatal derivative of ductus arteriosus

A

ligamentum arteriosum

61
Q

Postnatal derivative of ductus venosus

A

ligamentum venosum

62
Q

Postnatal derivative of foramen ovale

A

fossa ovalis

63
Q

Postnatal derivative of allantois-urachus

A

Median umbilical ligament

64
Q

Postnatal derivative of Notochord

A

Nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc

65
Q

Postnatal derivative of Inferior epigastric artery, vein

A

Lateral umbilical ligament

66
Q

Derivative of third aortic arch

A

Common carotid artery

67
Q

Derivative of fourth aortic arch

A

Left – aortic arch, right – proximal part of the right subclavian artery

68
Q

Derivative of sixth aortic arch

A

Proximal part of pulmonary arteries, left only – ductus arteriosus

69
Q

Innervation of first pharyngeal arch

70
Q

Innervation of second pharyngeal arch

71
Q

Innervation of third pharyngeal arch

72
Q

Innervation of fourth pharyngeal arch

73
Q

innervation of six pharyngeal arch

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X

74
Q

External auditory meatus is derived from what?

A

First pharyngeal cleft/groove

75
Q

Epithelial lining of the palatine tonsil is derived from what?

A

Second pharyngeal pouch

76
Q

Inferior parathyroids are derived from what?

A

Dorsal wings of third pharyngeal pouch

77
Q

Superior parathyroids are derived from what?

A

Dorsal wings of fourth pharyngeal pouch

78
Q

Thymus is derived from what?

A

ventral wings third pharyngeal pouch

79
Q

Anterior two thirds of tongue is derived from what?

A

First pharyngeal arch

80
Q

Posterior one third of the tongue is derived from what?

A

Third and fourth pharyngeal arches

81
Q

What causes DiGeorge syndrome?

A

aberrant development of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches

82
Q

Failure of urachus to close presents as…

A

Urine leaking from baby’s umbilicus

83
Q

the forebrain becomes what secondary vesicles?

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

84
Q

The forebrain is also called what

A

prosencephalon

85
Q

The midbrain becomes what secondary Vesicles?

A

mesencephalon

86
Q

Another name for midbrain

A

mesencephalon

87
Q

The hindbrain becomes what secondary vesicles?

A

metencephalon and myelencephalon

88
Q

Another name for hindbrain

A

rhombencephalon

89
Q

Cerebral hemispheres are derived from what

A

telencephalon

90
Q

Midbrain is derived from what

A

mesencephalon

91
Q

Upper part of the fourth ventricle is derived from what

A

metencephalon

92
Q

The cerebral aqueduct is derived from what

A

mesencephalon

93
Q

The medulla is derived from what

A

myelencephalon

94
Q

The lateral ventricles are derived from what

A

telencephalon

95
Q

The thalamus is derived from what

A

diencephalon

96
Q

The pons is derived from what

A

metencephalon

97
Q

The third ventricle is derived from what

A

diencephalon

98
Q

The cerebellum is derived from what

A

metencephalon

99
Q

The lower part of the fourth ventricle is direct from what

A

myelencephalon

100
Q

the alar plate gives rise to what

A

Dorsal part of the spinal cord (sensory)

101
Q

the basal plate gives rise to what

A

Ventral part of the spinal cord (motor)

Embryology (1 decks)

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