Embryology Final book problems

Question 1

The otic placode arises through an inductive message given off by the:
A)Telencephalon
B) Rhobbencephalon
C) Infundibulum
D) Diencephalon
E) Mesencephalon

Answer 1

B) Rhombencephalon

Question 2

What molecule plays a role in guidance of advancing retinal axons through the optic nerve?
A) Pax-2 
B)FGF-3
C) BMP-4
D) Pax-6
E) BMP-7

Answer 2

A) Pax-2

Question 3

Surface ectoderm is induced to become corneal epithelium by an inductive event originating in the:
A) Optic cup
B) chordamesoderm
C) optic vesicle
D) lens vesicle
E) neural retina

Answer 3

D) lens vesicle

Question 4

The second pharyngeal arch contributes to the:
A) cochlea and earlobe
B) Auditory tube and incus
C) stapes and earlobe
D) auditory tube and stapes
E) otic vesicle and stapes

Answer 4

C) stapes and earlobe

Question 5

The facial nerve supplies muscles derived from which pharyngeal arch?
A) First
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) sixth

Answer 5

B) second

Question 6

Cleft lip results from lack of fusion of the?

Answer 6

Nasomedial and maxillary processes

Question 7

In cases of holoprosencephaly, defects of facial structures are typically secondary to defects of the:
A) pharynx
B) oral cavity
C) forebrain
D) eyes
E) hindbrain

Answer 7

C) forebrain

Question 8

Meckel's cartilage is a prominent strucutre in the early formation of the 
A) upper jaw
B) hard palate
C nasal septum
D soft palate
E lower jaw

Answer 8

E) lower jaw

Question 9

An early induction in toothe devrlopment conisits of extoderm of dental epithelium acting on the underlying neural crest mesenchyme. Which of the following molecules is an important mediator of the inductive stimulus?
A) BMP-4
B) tenascin
C) hoxb-13

Answer 9

A) BMP-4

Question 10

Which condition is most clesely associated with a disturbance of neural crest?
A) anal atresia 
B) meckel's diverticulum
C) omphalocele
D) volvulus
E) a ganglionic megacolon

Answer 10

E) a ganglionic megacolon

Question 11

Meckel's diverticulum is most commonly located in the?
A) ileum
B) ascecnding colon
C) jejunum
D) transverse colon
E) duodenum

Answer 11

A) ileum

Question 12

The primordium of which structure is located in the septum transversum?
A) dorsal pancreas
B) lung
C) liver
D) thymus
E) spleen

Answer 12

C) liver

Question 13

The yolk stalk is most closely associated with which artery?
A) celiac
B) umbilical
C) superior mesenteric
D) Aorta 
E) inferior mesenteric

Answer 13

C) superior mesenteric

Question 14

The dorsal pancreatic bud is intially induced from the gut endoderm by the:
A) liver
B) notochord
C) lung bud 
D) yolk sac
E) none of the above

Answer 14

B) notochord

Question 15

Splancnic mesoderm acts as an inducer of all of the following tissues or organs except:
A) teeth 
B) trachea
C) liver
D) lungs
E) pancreas

Answer 15

A) teeth

Question 16

Which of the following does not connect directly with the primary nephric duct (mesonephric)
A) metanephros
B) cloaco
C) nephrotomes
D) mesonephric tubule
E) ureteric bud

Answer 16

A) metanephros

Question 17

Which association is correct?
A) urachal fistula and hydramnios
B) potter's facies and hydramnios
C) horseshoe kidney and SM artery
D) GDNF and metanephrogenic blastema

Answer 17

D)

Question 18

Which defect is strongly associated with oligohydramnios

Answer 18

renal agenesis

Question 19

which anomaly is most closely associated with extrophy of the bladder?
A) epispadias
B) renal agenesis
C) anal atresia
D) pelvic kidney
E) ectopic ureteral orifice

Answer 19

A) epispadias

Question 20

The uterus arises from the 
A) paramesonephric ducts
B) urogenital sinus
C) mesonephric tubules
D) pronephric ducts
E) mesonephric ducts

Answer 20

A) paramesonephric ducts

Question 21

The floor of the penile urethra in the male is homologous to what sturcture in the female?
A) clitoris
B) trigone of the bladder
C) labia majora
D) labia minora
E) perineum

Answer 21

D) labia minora

Question 22

The metanephrogenic blastema is induced by the: 
A) pronephric duct
B) ureteric bud
C) mesonephric tubules
D) allontois
E) mesonephric duct

Answer 22

B) ureteric bud

Question 23

Nucleated erythrocytes found circulating in the embryo are produced in the:
A) yolk sac
B) para-aortic clusters
C) liver
D) bone marrow
E) none of the above

Answer 23

A) yolk sac

Question 24

In a 7-month fetus, blood draining the left temporalis muscle enters the heart via the:
A) left anterior cardinal vein
B) coronary sinus
C) left common cardinal vein
D) superior VC
E) none of the above

Answer 24

D) superior vena cava

Question 25

``` Adherons are inductine particles released by what structure in the endocardial cusion area A) endocardium B) cardiac jelly C) myocardium D)epidcardium E) none of the above ```

Answer 25

C) myocardium

Question 26

``` Neural crest contributes to the structure of which of the following? A) Truncus arteriosus B) ascending aorta C) pulmonary trunk D) all of the above ```

Answer 26

D) All of the above

Question 27

For which of these cardiovascular malformations is a patent ductus arteriosus necessary for survival of the individual: A) atrial septal defect B) ventricular septal defect C) double aortic arch D) right subclavian artery from arch of aorta E) none of the above

Answer 27

E) none of the above

Question 28

``` Five days after birth, an infant becomes cyanotic during a prolonged crying spell. The cyanosis is most likely caused by venous blood entering the systemic circulation through the: A) interatrial septum B) ductus arteriosus C) ductus venosus D) umbilical vein E) interventicular septum ```

Answer 28

A) interatrial septum

Question 29

The internal carotid artery arises from aortic arch number?

Answer 29

3

Question 30

``` Neural crest-dervived cells constititue a significant component of which tissue of the eye? A) Neural Retina B) Lens C) Optic Nerve D) Cornea E) None of the above ```

Answer 30

D) Cornea