Embryology Final book problems Flashcards

1
Q
The otic placode arises through an inductive message given off by the:
A)Telencephalon
B) Rhobbencephalon
C) Infundibulum
D) Diencephalon
E) Mesencephalon
A

B) Rhombencephalon

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2
Q
What molecule plays a role in guidance of advancing retinal axons through the optic nerve?
A) Pax-2 
B)FGF-3
C) BMP-4
D) Pax-6
E) BMP-7
A

A) Pax-2

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3
Q
Surface ectoderm is induced to become corneal epithelium by an inductive event originating in the:
A) Optic cup
B) chordamesoderm
C) optic vesicle
D) lens vesicle
E) neural retina
A

D) lens vesicle

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4
Q
The second pharyngeal arch contributes to the:
A) cochlea and earlobe
B) Auditory tube and incus
C) stapes and earlobe
D) auditory tube and stapes
E) otic vesicle and stapes
A

C) stapes and earlobe

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5
Q
The facial nerve supplies muscles derived from which pharyngeal arch?
A) First
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) sixth
A

B) second

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6
Q

Cleft lip results from lack of fusion of the?

A

Nasomedial and maxillary processes

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7
Q
In cases of holoprosencephaly, defects of facial structures are typically secondary to defects of the:
A) pharynx
B) oral cavity
C) forebrain
D) eyes
E) hindbrain
A

C) forebrain

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8
Q
Meckel's cartilage is a prominent strucutre in the early formation of the 
A) upper jaw
B) hard palate
C nasal septum
D soft palate
E lower jaw
A

E) lower jaw

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9
Q

An early induction in toothe devrlopment conisits of extoderm of dental epithelium acting on the underlying neural crest mesenchyme. Which of the following molecules is an important mediator of the inductive stimulus?
A) BMP-4
B) tenascin
C) hoxb-13

A

A) BMP-4

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10
Q
Which condition is most clesely associated with a disturbance of neural crest?
A) anal atresia 
B) meckel's diverticulum
C) omphalocele
D) volvulus
E) a ganglionic megacolon
A

E) a ganglionic megacolon

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11
Q
Meckel's diverticulum is most commonly located in the?
A) ileum
B) ascecnding colon
C) jejunum
D) transverse colon
E) duodenum
A

A) ileum

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12
Q
The primordium of which structure is located in the septum transversum?
A) dorsal pancreas
B) lung
C) liver
D) thymus
E) spleen
A

C) liver

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13
Q
The yolk stalk is most closely associated with which artery?
A) celiac
B) umbilical
C) superior mesenteric
D) Aorta 
E) inferior mesenteric
A

C) superior mesenteric

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14
Q
The dorsal pancreatic bud is intially induced from the gut endoderm by the:
A) liver
B) notochord
C) lung bud 
D) yolk sac
E) none of the above
A

B) notochord

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15
Q
Splancnic mesoderm acts as an inducer of all of the following tissues or organs except:
A) teeth 
B) trachea
C) liver
D) lungs
E) pancreas
A

A) teeth

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16
Q
Which of the following does not connect directly with the primary nephric duct (mesonephric)
A) metanephros
B) cloaco
C) nephrotomes
D) mesonephric tubule
E) ureteric bud
A

A) metanephros

17
Q
Which association is correct?
A) urachal fistula and hydramnios
B) potter's facies and hydramnios
C) horseshoe kidney and SM artery
D) GDNF and metanephrogenic blastema
A

D)

18
Q

Which defect is strongly associated with oligohydramnios

A

renal agenesis

19
Q
which anomaly is most closely associated with extrophy of the bladder?
A) epispadias
B) renal agenesis
C) anal atresia
D) pelvic kidney
E) ectopic ureteral orifice
A

A) epispadias

20
Q
The uterus arises from the 
A) paramesonephric ducts
B) urogenital sinus
C) mesonephric tubules
D) pronephric ducts
E) mesonephric ducts
A

A) paramesonephric ducts

21
Q
The floor of the penile urethra in the male is homologous to what sturcture in the female?
A) clitoris
B) trigone of the bladder
C) labia majora
D) labia minora
E) perineum
A

D) labia minora

22
Q
The metanephrogenic blastema is induced by the: 
A) pronephric duct
B) ureteric bud
C) mesonephric tubules
D) allontois
E) mesonephric duct
A

B) ureteric bud

23
Q
Nucleated erythrocytes found circulating in the embryo are produced in the:
A) yolk sac
B) para-aortic clusters
C) liver
D) bone marrow
E) none of the above
A

A) yolk sac

24
Q
In a 7-month fetus, blood draining the left temporalis muscle enters the heart via the:
A) left anterior cardinal vein
B) coronary sinus
C) left common cardinal vein
D) superior VC
E) none of the above
A

D) superior vena cava

25
Q
Adherons are inductine particles released by what structure in the endocardial cusion area
A) endocardium 
B) cardiac jelly
C) myocardium
D)epidcardium
E) none of the above
A

C) myocardium

26
Q
Neural crest contributes to the structure of which of the following?
A) Truncus arteriosus
B) ascending aorta
C) pulmonary trunk
D) all of the above
A

D) All of the above

27
Q

For which of these cardiovascular malformations is a patent ductus arteriosus necessary for survival of the individual:
A) atrial septal defect
B) ventricular septal defect
C) double aortic arch
D) right subclavian artery from arch of aorta
E) none of the above

A

E) none of the above

28
Q
Five days after birth, an infant becomes cyanotic during a prolonged crying spell. The cyanosis is most likely caused by venous blood entering the systemic circulation through the:
A) interatrial septum
B) ductus arteriosus
C) ductus venosus
D) umbilical vein
E) interventicular septum
A

A) interatrial septum

29
Q

The internal carotid artery arises from aortic arch number?

A

3

30
Q
Neural crest-dervived cells constititue a significant component of which tissue of the eye?
A) Neural Retina
B) Lens 
C) Optic Nerve
D) Cornea
E) None of the above
A

D) Cornea