Embryology/Facial Growth Flashcards
Describe a newborn’s mouth features
- gum pads
- anterior open bite
- ‘appear skel class 2’
Primary Dentition Order (months)
a-6-7m b-7-8m c-18-20m d-12-15m e-24-36m
Mixed/Perm dentition order (months)
Lower: 1/6=6y, 2=7y, 3=9y, 4/5=10y, 7=12y
Upper: 6=6y, 1=7y, 2=8y,4/5=10y, 3=11y, 7=12y
Pharyngeal/brachial arches - what are their general function?
form face, jaw, ear and neck
Pharyngeal/brachial arches - 1-6 nerve formations
what happens to 5
- trigeminal (V)
- facial (VII)
- glossopharyngeal (IX)
- superior laryngeal branch of vagus (X)
- fails to form
- inferior larnygeal branch of vagus (X)
What do the inside pharyngeal apparatus become:
- what do they form
- what body tissue
- how many
- function
- Pouches
- Endoderm
- 4
1. auditory tube/mid ear cavity
2. lymphocytes/palatine tonsils
3. sup: inferior parathyroid glands / inf: Thymus
4. sup: superior parathyroid glands / inf: parafollicular cells of thyroid gland
What do the outside pharyngeal apparatus become
- what do they form
- what body tissue
- how many
- function
-Pharyngeal clefts
-Ectoderm
-4
1. external auditory meatus
2/3/4. obliterated by 2nd pharyngeal arch
Pharyngea/Branchial Arches
- muscle tissues formed
- skeletal tissues formed
- (V)
- mus: muscles of mastication/anterior belly of digastric/tensor tympani/tensor veli palatini
- skel: meckel’s cartilage - (VII)
mus: muscle of facial expression/posterior belly of digastric/stylohyoid
- skel: stylohyoid process/hyoid - (IX)
- mus: stylopharyngeus
- skel: lower part of hyoid - (X sup)
- mus: pharyngeal constictors/cricothyroid/levator veli palatini
- skel: Thyroid cartilage
What are the two parts of the skull
-function
- Neurocranium: protective case for brain
- Viscerocranium: form facial skeleton
How is the Neurocranium formed
-what does it form
- INTRAMEMBRANOUS bone formation (ossification)
- vault of skull/maxilla/most of mandible
- fontanelles
How is the Viscerocranium formed
-what does it form
- ENDOCHONDRAL bone formation (ossification)
- base of skull
What 4 units make up the mandible
- what do they form in response to
- what does the body of the mandible form in response to
- condylar
- angular: lateral pterygoid/masseter
- coronoid: temporalis
- alveolar: teeth
- body: IAN
Facial syndromes with maxillary hypoplasia as a feature:
- Apert’s Syndrome* (acrosyndactyly)
- Crouzon’s Syndrome* (craniofacial dysostosis)
- Oral-Facial Digital Syndrome*
- Binder’s Syndrome
- Achondroplasia
- Down’s Syndrome
- Cleidocranial dysostosis*
- Foetal Alcohol Syndrome
- Cleft lip/palate*
- Treacher Collin’s Syndrome* (mandibulofacial dysostosis)
- Pierre-Robin*
- Stickler’s Syndrome*
- Van der Woude Syndrome*
- Turner’s Syndrome
- Hemifacial Microsomia*
what facial syndromes commonly present with mandibular issues (hypoplasia etc)
- Treacher Collin’s Syndrome* (mandibulofacial dysostosis)
- Pierre-Robin*
- Stickler’s Syndrome*
- Van der Woude Syndrome*
- Turner’s Syndrome
- Hemifacial Microsomia*
Features of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
- microcephaly
- low nasal ridge
- minor ear anomalies
- short nose
- micrognathia
- indisctinct philtrum
- thin upper lip
- flat midface
- short palpebral fissures (under eye)
- mild mental retardation
