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Body Logistics > Embryology Development II > Flashcards

Embryology Development II Flashcards

1
Q

What is gastrulation ?

A

Establishment of the three embryonic germ layers

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2
Q

What is the function of the of the 3 germ layers?

A

Layers from which all tissues of the body originate from

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3
Q

When is the embryonic period?

A

3-8 weeks after fertilisation

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4
Q

What is teratogenesis ?

A

Process by which congenital malformations are produced in an embryo/foetus

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5
Q

When is there the greatest risk of teratogenesis ?

A

During the embryonic period

Weeks 3-8 after fertilisation

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6
Q

Give some examples of teratogens ?

A
  • warfarin
  • isotretinon
  • valproate acid
  • thalidomide
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7
Q

Which virus can lead to teratogenesis ?

A

Rubella

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8
Q

What surface of the epiblast is the primitive streak formed?

A

Dorsal

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9
Q

Which week is the primitive streak formed?

A

Week 3 after fertilisation

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10
Q

How many days after fertilisation is the primitive streak formed ?

A

15-17 days

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11
Q

What is the name of the important structure that is formed in week 3 on the epiblast ?

A

Primitive streak

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12
Q

At the start of gastrulation how many layers are there and what are they called ?

A

2
Epiblast
Hypoblast

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13
Q

From which layer of the bilaminar disk is the trilaminar disk formed?

A

Epiblast

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14
Q

What are the name of the layers formed at the end of gastrulation ?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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15
Q

What is derived from the ectoderm ?

A

Epidermis

Nervous system

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16
Q

What is derived from the mesoderm ?

A 
Muscle 
Cartilage 
Bone 
Heart 
Blood vessels
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17
Q

What is derived from the endoderm?

A

Epithelial lining of GI tract
Respiratory tract
Parenchyma of glands

18
Q

What is situs inversus?

A

Heart and other organs develop on the wrong side of the body

19
Q

What side of the body is the stomach and spleen on ?

A

Left

20
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

21
Q

How many lobes does the right lobe have?

A

3

22
Q

Where on the primitive streak is the control centre for gastrulation ?

Which type of cells here determine what side organs grow?

A

Primitive node

Ciliated cells

23
Q

When does gastrulation take place ?

A

3rd week of development.

24
Q

What is neurulation ?

A

Development of CNS during embryonic period

25
Q

When does neurulation occur?

A

Week 4

26
Q

Which group of cells sends signals for neurulation ?

Where is this structure?

Where does it send signals too?

A

Notochord

Mesoderm

Ectoderm

27
Q

What are somites?

A

Body segments

28
Q

When in development does the first somite appear?

A

Day 20

29
Q

Where does the first somite appear ?

A

Occipital region

30
Q

At the end of week 5 how many pairs of somites are formed?

A

42-44

31
Q

How many somites are there in humans ?

A

31 pairs

32
Q

What are the 3 somite derivatives?

A
  • dermatome
  • myotome
  • sclerotome
33
Q

What is sclerotome a pre cursor of?

A

Bone

34
Q

What is the buccopharyngeal membrane ?

A

Area of trilaminar disc with no mesoderm.

Area that ruptures to give opening of oral cavity

35
Q

What are the 2 stages of folding of the embryo in week 4?

A
  • cephalocaudal folding

- Lateral folding

36
Q

What causes cephalocaudal folding to happen?

A

Growth of the neural tube

37
Q

What causes lateral folding to occur?

A

Growth of the somites

38
Q

Which type of folding happens in the saggital plane ?

A

Cephalocaudal

39
Q

Which type of folding happens in the transverse plane?

A

Lateral

40
Q

In which week of embryonic development does folding occur?

A

4th

Body Logistics (1 decks)

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