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Y1 CARDIOLOGY > Embryology and Histology > Flashcards

Embryology and Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Which germ layer forms the heart?

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

Name the 5 parts of the heart tube, from cranial to caudal end (the baby verily acquires stuff…)

A 
Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis
Ventricle
Atrium
Sinus venosus
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3
Q

What does the truncus arteriosus of the heart tube produce?

A

Aorta

Pulmonary trunk

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4
Q

What does the bulbus cordis of the heart tube produce?

A

Right ventricle

Outflow of both ventricles

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5
Q

What does the ventricle of the heart tube produce?

A

Left ventricle

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6
Q

What does the atrium of the heart tube produce?

A

Right and left atria

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7
Q

What does the sinus venosus of the heart tube produce?

A

Right atrium

Coronary sinus

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8
Q

Which 3 vessels enter the right + left horns of the sinus venosus?

A

Vitelline vein
Umbilical vein
Cardinal veins

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9
Q

What does the vitelline vein drain?

A

Yolk sac

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10
Q

What does the umbilical vein drain? Which of the veins is definitive?

A

Placenta

Left

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11
Q

What do the cardinal veins act as precursors for?

A

The systemic venous system

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12
Q

Remnants of the left horn of the sinus venosus give rise to the coronary sinus. True/False?

A

True

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13
Q

What is the function of the ductus venosus?

A

Directs O2-rich blood from placenta (umbilical vein) to IVC, bypassing the liver

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14
Q

What is the function of the foramen ovale?

A

Directs O2-rich blood from RA to LA so it goes to brain and not lungs

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15
Q

What is the function of the ductus arteriosus?

A

Directs deoxygenated blood from pulmonary artery to descending aorta so it goes to placenta to get O2

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16
Q

What is the remnant of the umbilical vein in adults?

A

Ligamentum teres

17
Q

What is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus in adults?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

18
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels from inner to outer?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

19
Q

Arterioles are mainly comprised of…

A

Tunica media (almost no adventitia)

20
Q

Name the three types of capillaries in order from least to most holey?

A

Continuous
Fenasterated
Sinusoidal

21
Q

Veins have a thick tunica media. True/ False?

A

False. It is thin.

22
Q

Valves are inward extensions of…

A

Tunica intima

23
Q

Give the three layers of the heart from inner to outer

A 
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
 ---- visceral serous pericardium
 ---- parietal serous pericardium
 ---- fibrous pericardium
24
Q

Layers of heart muscle are connected by… and electrical activity is conducted via …

A

Desmosomes

Gap junctions

25
Q

In the foetal heart, what connects the umbilical vein (coming from placenta) to the IVC?

A

Ductus venosus

26
Q

What is the importance of the ductus venosus?

A

Allows most of the blood from placenta to bypass the liver and go straight to heart

27
Q

In the foetal heart, what connects the right atrium to the left atrium?

A

Foramen ovale

28
Q

What is the importance of the foramen ovale?

A

Enables oxygenated blood entering RA (from IVC from umbilical vein from placenta) to enter LA, bypassing pulmonary circulation, i.e. oxygenated blood is not sent to the lungs

29
Q

Once oxygenated blood has moved through the foramen ovale, where does it go?

A

Enters LV and pumped into the aorta to the body, importantly the brain

30
Q

In the foetal heart, what connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta?

A

Ductus arteriosus

31
Q

What is the importance of the ductus arteriosus?

A

Enables deoxygenated blood pumped through pulmonary artery to enter descending aorta to go to placenta to get oxygenated

32
Q

Do the lungs take part in gas exchange in the foetus?

A

No, hence why the pulmonary circulation is cleverly bypassed in the foetal heart

33
Q

What results in closure of the foramen ovale?

A

Baby’s first breath after delivery (usually)

34
Q

What is the remnant of the umbilical vein in adults?

A

Ligamentum teres

35
Q

What is the remnant of the ductus venosus in adults?

A

Ligamentum venosus

36
Q

When a duct fails to close, what substance is given to maintain duct patency?

A

IV PGE2 until surgery

37
Q

What are some signs of congenital heart disease?

A 
Cyanosis
Murmurs
Abnormal pulses
Reduced feeding
Failure to thrive
SOB
Sweaty
Hepatomegaly
Crepitations

Y1 CARDIOLOGY (16 decks)

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