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Cardiology I > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

embryology

A

study of the embryo, prenatal development, intrauterine development, and gestation

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2
Q

duration of embryology development for mother

A

40 weeks

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3
Q

duration of development from the conceptus

A

38 weeks

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4
Q

why there is there a difference between gestation periods for mother and baby?

A

mothers is dated by first day of last period which is 2 weeks from ovulation and fertilization

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5
Q

periods of development 1-2 weeks

A

conceptus: zygote, morula, and blastocyst

Major event: fertilization, implantation, mitosis

not suceptible to teratogens at this time

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6
Q

periods of development 3-8 weeks

A

name: embryonic period conceptus: embryo Major event: organgenesis

major abnormalities can occur during this tims

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7
Q

periods of development 9-38 weeks

A

name: fetal period conceptus: fetus Major event: growth maturation

minor abnormalities can occur during this time

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8
Q

development starts with _____ cells

A

pluripotent; undifferentiated

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9
Q

each step is ____ by a message from a neighboring cell which can only occur if cell two has the receptors to perceive the inductive message

A

induced

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10
Q

teratogens are responsible for _____ % of congenital abnormalities

A

7-10%

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11
Q

teratogen

A

is a agent or factor that causes congenital abnormalities; environmental, chemical, radiation, medication, drug, or toxin

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12
Q

what precent of abnormalities are due to an unknown cause ?

A

50-60%

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13
Q

what % of abnormalities are due to multifactor inheiritance?

A

20-25%

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14
Q

what % of abnormalities are due to Chromosomal aberrations?

A

6-7%

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15
Q

what % of abnormalities are due to Mutant Genes?

A

7-8%

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16
Q

when dose gastrulation occur?

A

3rd week

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17
Q

what occurs during grastulation?

A

the formatoin of three layers the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

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18
Q

mitosis of epiblast at __________ forms new cells leading to formation of 2 new layers ______ and _____

A

primitive streak; mesoderm and endoderm

19
Q

Ectoderm

A

outer layer of skin and teeth, nervous system

20
Q

mesoderm

A

muscle, bone, connective tissues, blood and blood vessels, deeper layer of skin

21
Q

Endoderm-

A

epithelial lining of GI and respiratory tract

22
Q

Somite formation definition

A

formation of horizontal body segments from the mesoderm

23
Q

somite formation occurs from caudal/cranial to caudal/cranial

A

from cranial to caudal

24
Q

each somite divides forming….

A

dermatome –> skin dermis, myotome –> muscle and sclerotome –> bone

25
Q

how many somites are there?

A

35-37

26
Q

what four proccesses occur during the 3rd week?

A
  1. gastrulation
  2. somite formation
  3. neurulation
  4. trilaminar embryo
27
Q

what is the main evemt occuring in week 4?

A

organogenesis, folding: longitudinal and transverse, germ layer differentiation, pharyngeal arches, heart, 4 limbs begin to develop

28
Q

Caudal/cranial –> Caudal/cranial

distal/Proximal –> distal/Proximal

A

cranial –> caudal

proximal –> distal

29
Q

fetus breaths amniotic fluid and excretes into the amniotic fluid but this dose not cause ______

A

defecation

30
Q

there is/is not mixing of fetal blood in the womb

A

there is not

31
Q

-Placenta is highly ______ and formed by the embryo exchanges 1. waste 2. gas 3. nutrition therefore acting as _____, ____, and ______

A

vascular; kidney, lungs, and GI tract

32
Q

Malformation

A

abnormality that occurs 3-8 weeks

33
Q

Deformation

A

abnormality secondary to extrinsic disruption after embryonic period

34
Q

Sequence

A

multiple abnormalities developing in a sequence

35
Q

Syndrome

A

multiple abnormalities not developing in a certain sequence

36
Q

Mesenchyme

A

aggregates of undifferentiated cells mostly made of mesoderm

37
Q

Longitudinal Folding

A

cranial and caudal ends fold ventrally, moves heart from cranial into new thorax and it begins to beat

38
Q

Transverse Folding

A

lateral sides fold ventrally, creates the GI tract, creates body cavities called coelom, germ layers begin forming structures

39
Q

Major congenital abnormalities are most likely to arise during developmental weeks ___________ to ___________ .

A

3;8

40
Q

1.The inner cell mass gives rise to the _______________, whereas the trophoblast gives rise to the _________________ .

A

fetus; placenta

41
Q

1.Growth and maturation of organs is the major event during developmental weeks __________ to __________ .

A

9;38

42
Q

1.Implantation of the conceptus into the uterus begins during developmental week _________ .

A

1

43
Q

1.Formation of the GI tract takes place by _________________ folding during developmental week ___________ .

A

transverse; 4

44
Q
A

Cardiology I (5 decks)

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