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Oral Biology Exam 1 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Differential process – increase in size or number

A

Growth

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2
Q

Physiologic/behavioral process – increases in organization or complexity

A

Development

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3
Q

When is the critical period for formation of the face and mouth?

A

4 - 14 week intrauterine!

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4
Q

Time frame for proliferative period, embryonic period, and fetal period…

A 
proliferatie = 0-2 weeks
Embryonic = 2-8 weks
Fetal = 8 weeks = 9 months
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5
Q

week 1 (what happens) (2 things)

A

bilaminar disc forms from zygote

differentiation of ectoderm and endoderm

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6
Q

week 2 (What happens) (what does this lead to)

A

Gastrulation!!

leads to trilaminar disc (with mesoderm)

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7
Q

week 3 (what happens)

A

Neuralation stage! (CNS forms)

neural tube forms from the neural plate

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8
Q

How do neural crest cells migrate from the neural tube?

A

They migrate laterally and ventrally!

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9
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome signs… What stage does it affect?

A

Stage 1 – organization of germ layers
ventricles of the brain fail to separate
mid face deficiency!

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10
Q

Foregut vs. Midgut vs. Hindgut

A 
Foregut = digestive tube from throat
Midgut = small intesting, ascending colon, transverse colon
Hindgut = descending colon, sigmoidcolon, and rectum!
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11
Q

When does the oral pit first appear?

A

4th week!

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12
Q

What is the name for the early oral cavity?

A

Stomodeum

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13
Q

When does the heart start to beat?

A

4th week!

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14
Q

When does the oropharyngeal membrane rupture to open the oral cavity to the tubular foregut?

A

5th week!

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15
Q

When does the nasal cavity start fo form? Also the point of migration of neural crest cells into the five facial processes!

A

4th week!

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16
Q

When do most major malformations of the craniofacial complex originate?

A

transformation of the branchial arches!

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17
Q

When does the mandible begin ossification?

A

late 6th week

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18
Q

hemifacial microsomia (what is the defect?)

A

lack of tissue on the affected side of the face!!

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19
Q

1st Pharyngeal Arch! (what does it form, bones and muscles…)

A

mandibular arch – muscles of mastication

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20
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch (what does it form?)

A

hyoid ach == facial muscles, and hyoid bone

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21
Q

What cranial nerves go with the pharyngeal arches?

A 
1 = V
2 = VII
3 = IX
4 = X
6 = XI
22
Q

What do the 5 pharyngeal pouches form?

EPTSU

A 
1 = middle ear and eustachian tube
2 = palaatine tonsils
3 = inferior parathyroids and thymus!
4 = superior parathyroids
5 = ultimobranchial body
23
Q

Which branch becomes the common carotid arteries?

A

3rd arch!

24
Q

What branch becomes the dorsal aorta?

A

4th arch

25
Q

Which pharyngeal arch vascular portions disappear?

A

1,2,5

26
Q

What 3 structures make up the tongue? (do they come from the same brachial arches?)

A

lateral lingual swellings
tuberculum impar
copula!

CN’s 5,7,9,10

27
Q

When do 1st arch muscles become apparent and then when do they spread?

A

Apparent at week 5
spread week 6 and 7
(mastication!)

28
Q

When do 2nd arch muscles form a thin layer over the face?

A

week 10!

29
Q

Meckel’s Cartilage

A

1st arch

30
Q

Reichert’s cartilage

A

2nd arch! (stapes, styloid process)

31
Q

When is the first sign of endochondral bone formation?

A

week 8! cranial base, temporal, and occipital bone!

32
Q

When is the peak cartilage development IU?

A

3 months

33
Q

There are 3 synchrondroses of the cranial base…
when do they exist?
do they act as growth centers?

A

They act as growth centers
spheno ethmoid
intersphenoid
spheno occipital

34
Q

When is the first sign of bone formation in the mandible?

A

week 6!

35
Q

nasomaxillary complex grows in what direction…

A

downward and forwards

TRANSLATION

36
Q

Maxillary bones grow ____ into the plate
The height of the maxilla is due partially to the growth of the ______
The mandible grows _____ to the first arch cartilage

A
  1. medially
  2. roots
  3. laterally
37
Q

The palate is developed from 3 things..

A
  1. right and left maxillary processes

3. medial nasal processes

38
Q

Hairlip

A

midline cleft of the maxilla!

39
Q

When do mandibular clefts form?

A

4th week of development!

They are very rare, enlarged heart beating before mandible is fused

40
Q

Do cleft palates occur commonly with cleft lips?

A

yes!

41
Q

unilateral cleft lip…

A

lack of CT migration between one maxillary process and the fused medial nasal process

42
Q

bilateral cleft lip…

A

lack of CT migration between BOTH maxillary processes and the medial nasal process

43
Q

Median palatine cysts…

A

when epithelial rests form during fusion of the palatal shelves – they clump up and become a fluid filled cyst. This cyst develops along the fusion line.

44
Q

Palatine cyst that lies between the primary palate and the palatal shelves is called what…. (between maxillary lateral and canine)

A

Globulomaxillary cyst

45
Q

Palatine cyst along the fusion line of the palatal shelves is called what….

A

median palatine cyst!

46
Q

When do the two maxillary processes fuse with the primary palate and move in a posterior direction like a zipper?

A

start at 7-8 weeks and ends by 11th week!

47
Q

Is the uvula usually split in a cleft palate?

A

yes!

48
Q

Cleft palate is when…

A

palatal process fails to fuse with the nasal septum!

49
Q

Rates of cleft lip and palate….

white, AA, asian

A 
white = 1/700
AA = 1/2000
Asian = 3/2000
50
Q

Rates of cleft palate only…

A

1/2500

51
Q

When to treat clefts…

A

first 2-3 months after birth
rule of 10’s
10 pounds, weeks, and grams of hemoglobin

Oral Biology Exam 1 (8 decks)

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