Embryology

Question 1

Gives rise to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Answer 1

Truncus arteriosus

Question 2

Gives rise to smooth parts of left and right ventricles

Answer 2

Bulbus cordis

Question 3

Gives rise to atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves

Answer 3

Endocardial cushions

Question 4

Gives rise to the trabeculated part of left and right atria

Answer 4

Primitive atrium

Question 5

Gives rise to trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

Answer 5

Primitive ventricles

Question 6

Gives rise to the smooth part of left atrium

Answer 6

Primitive pulmonary vein

Question 7

Gives rise to coronary sinus

Answer 7

Left horn of sinus venosus

Question 8

Gives rise to smooth part of right atrium

Answer 8

Right horn of sinus venosus

Question 9

Gives rise to superior vena cava

Answer 9

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

Question 10

First functional organ in vertebrae embryos

Answer 10

Heart

Question 11

Gestational age heart begins to beat

Answer 11

4th week

Question 12

Process that establishes left-right polarity of heart during 4th week of development

Answer 12

Cardiac looping

Question 13

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Answer 13

Kartagener syndrome

Question 14

Protein involved in left-right polarity, when defective leads to dextrocardia

Answer 14

Dynein

Question 15

Structures that fuse to form atrial septum

Answer 15

Septum primum and septum secundum

Question 16

First septum to form in heart development

Answer 16

Septum primum

Question 17

First foramen to form in heart development

Answer 17

Foramen secundum

Question 18

Structure that maintains right-to-left shunt during heart development

Answer 18

Foramen secundum

Question 19

Forms valve of foramen ovale

Answer 19

Remaining portion of septum primum

Question 20

Structure that covers majority of foramen secundum

Answer 20

Septum secundum

Question 21

Causes foramen ovale to close soon after birth

Answer 21

Increased left atrial pressure

Question 22

Caused by failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth

Answer 22

Patent foramen ovale

Question 23

Consequence of patent foramen ovale seen in ASD

Answer 23

Paradoxical emboli

Question 24

First septum to form in ventricles

Answer 24

Muscular interventricular septum

Question 25

Most common congenital cardiac anomaly occurring in membranous septum

Answer 25

VSD

Question 26

Separates atria from ventricles and contributes to atrial and ventricular septation

Answer 26

Growth of endocardial cushions

Question 27

Rotates and fuses with muscular ventricular septum to form membranous interventricular septum, closing interventricular foramen

Answer 27

Aorticopulmonary septum

Question 28

Heart valves derived from endocardial cushions of outflow tract

Answer 28

Aortic and pulmonary valves

Question 29

Heart valves derived from fused endocardial cushions of the AV canal

Answer 29

Mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 30

Part of allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus

Answer 30

Urachus

Question 31

Adult structure derived from allantois

Answer 31

Median umbilical ligament

Question 32

Adult structure derived from ductus arteriosus

Answer 32

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 33

Adult structure derived from ductus venosus

Answer 33

Ligamentum venosum

Question 34

Adult structure derived from foramen ovale

Answer 34

Foramen ovalis

Question 35

Adult structure derived from notochord

Answer 35

Nucleus pulposus

Question 36

Adult structure derived from umbilical arteries

Answer 36

Medial umbilical ligaments

Question 37

Adult structure derived from umbilical vein

Answer 37

Ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)

Question 38

Structure contained in falciform ligament

Answer 38

Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres hepatis)

Question 39

Embryonic structure that bypasses hepatic circulation

Answer 39

ductus venosus

Question 40

Embryonic vessel with highest O2 saturation

Answer 40

umbilical vein

Question 41

Function of ductus venosus

Answer 41

Shunts blood from umbilical vein to IVC bypassing hepatic circulation

Question 42

Structure in embryonic heart that shunts blood from IVC to right atria and eventually ends in aorta

Answer 42

Foramen ovale

Question 43

Embryonic structure that shunts blood entering right heart to descending aorta bypassing pulmonary circulation

Answer 43

Ductus arteriosus

Question 44

Vessels that contain the lowest O2 saturation

Answer 44

Umbilical arteries

Question 45

Responsible for closing ductus arteriosus

Answer 45

Increased O2 tension and decreased prostaglandins

Question 46

Drug given to close patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 46

Indomethacin

Question 47

Endogenous compound that keeps PDA open

Answer 47

Prostaglandins E1 and E2