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Urinary > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 kidney systems in order of appearance and what are they derived from

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

Derived form intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

Where does the pronephros develop

A

Cranial region

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3
Q

Where does the pronephric duct extend from and to

A

From pronephros to cloaca

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4
Q

What makes up the embryonic kidney

A

Mesonephric tubules

Mesonephric duct

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5
Q

Where do the mesonephric tubules develop

A

Caudal to pronephric region

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6
Q

What is the urogenital ridge

A

Region of intermediate mesoderm that gives rise to the embryonic kidney and the gonad

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7
Q

What does the mesonephric duct do

A

Sprouts the Ureteric bud which interacts with intermediate mesoderm to induce development of the true kidney
Role in development of male reproductive system (regresses in females)

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8
Q

Where does the metanephric blastema develop

A

Caudal region

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9
Q

How does the Ureteric bud interact with the metanephric blastema

A

Comes into contact, expands and branches forming the calyces and renal pelvis

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10
Q

What are the collecting and excretory components of the nephron derived from

A

Collecting - Ureteric bud

Excretory - intermediate mesoderm under influence of the Ureteric bud

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11
Q

Describe apparent kidney ascent

A

First appear in pelvic region but undergoes caudal to cranial shift (elongation of trunk)
Crosses arterial fork formed by vessels returning to placenta
New renal vessels sprout from aorta, each more caudal, which then regress

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12
Q

What is renal agenesis

A

Failure of kidneys to develop

Ureteric bud doesn’t interact with intermediate mesoderm

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13
Q

What is pelvic kidney

A

Failure of kidney ascent

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14
Q

Describe duplication defects

A

Splitting of Ureteric bud

Leads to accessory ureter which may have an ectopic opening therefore there will be urinary incontinence

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15
Q

Examples of cystic diseases

A

Multicystic - ureter atresia

Polycystic - autosomal recessive disease

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16
Q

What is wilm’s tumour

A

Nephroblastoma

17
Q

Describe horseshoe kidney formation

A

The 2 developing kidneys become too close on their ascent and their lower poles fuse during lateral rotation
The fused kidney gets caught on the IMA so it remains at the pelvic brim

18
Q

Parts of the urogenital sinus

A

Bladder
Pelvic
Phallic

19
Q

Describe development of the urogenital sinus that is common in both sexes

A

Mesonephric ducts contact urogenital sinus
Ureteric bud sprouts from mesonephric ducts
Smooth muscle appears and urogenital sinus expands

20
Q

Describe development of the urogenital sinus that is specific to males

A

Ureteric buds and mesonephric ducts make separate opening in the urogenital sinus
Mesonephric ducts develop into vas deferens
Prostate and prostatic urethra form

21
Q

Describe development of the urogenital sinus that is specific to females

A

Mesonephric ducts regress entirely

Ureteric bud make an opening on the urogenital sinus

22
Q

Which parts of the urogenital sinus forms the urethra

A

Pelvic - female urethra
- Pre prostatic, prostatic and membranous part of male urethra
Phallic - spongy part of male urethra

23
Q

3 parts of the external genitalia

A

Tubercle
Swelling
Folds

24
Q

Development of the male external genitalia

A

Tubercle elongates and folds fuse to form the spongy urethra

25
Q

Development of the female external genitalia

A

No fusion of folds

Urethra opens into vestibule

26
Q

What is exstrophy of the bladder

A

Bladder opens into abdominal wall

27
Q

Describe hypospadias

A

Defect in fusion of male genital folds which leads to the urethra opening onto the ventral surface of the penis

28
Q

Describe cloacal partitioning

A

Urorectal septum from hindgut separates the cloaca into the urogenital septum anteriorly and the anorectal canal posteriorly

29
Q

What connects the urogenital sinus to the umbilicus

A

Allantois first, then urachus

30
Q

Adult derivative of urachus

A

Median umbilical ligament

Urinary (6 decks)

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