embryology

Question 1

what are the three germ layers found in humans?

Answer 1

endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm

Question 2

what are the positions of the three germ layers from top to bottom?

Answer 2

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

Question 3

what germ layer produces tissue within the lungs, thyroid and pancreas?

Answer 3

endoderm

Question 4

what germ layer forms the epithelium of the digestive tube?

Answer 4

endoderm (however does not form the epithelium for part of the mouth, pharynx and the terminal part of the rectum)

Question 5

what forms the lining cells of all glands which open into the digestive tube?

Answer 5

endoderm

Question 6

what forms the urinary bladder and part of the urethra?

Answer 6

endoderm

Question 7

what does the endoderm form?

Answer 7

the stomach
colon
liver
pancreas
urinary bladder
epithelial parts of trachea
lungs
pharynx
thyroid
parathyroid
intestines

Question 8

what forms the kidneys and gonads?

Answer 8

intermediate mesoderm

Question 9

what forms cartilage, skeletal muscle and the dermis?

Answer 9

paraxial mesoderm

Question 10

what develops into the circulatory system, the wall of the gut and the wall of the human body?

Answer 10

lateral plate mesoderm

Question 11

what does the mesoderm form?

Answer 11

muscle (smooth and striated)
bone
cartilage
connective tissue
adipose tissue
circulatory system
lymphatic system
dermis 
genitourinary system
serous membranes
notochord

Question 12

what 3 things does the ectoderm subdivide into?

Answer 12

surface ectoderm
neural crest
neural tube

Question 13

what does the surface ectoderm develop into?

Answer 13

epidermis
hair
nails
lens of the eye
sebaceous glands
cornea
tooth enamel
epithelium of the mouth and nose

Question 14

what does the neural crest develop into?

Answer 14

peripheral nervous system
adrenal medulla
melanocytes
facial cartilage
dentin of teeth

Question 15

what does the neural tube develop into?

Answer 15

brain
spinal cord
posterior pituitary
motor neurons
retina