Embryology

Question 1

Truncus Arteriosus

Answer 1

ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 2

Bulbus cordis

Answer 2

smooth parts (outflow tract) of laft and right ventricles

Question 3

Primitive Atria

Answer 3

Trabeculated part of left and right atria

Question 4

Primitive Ventricle

Answer 4

Trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

Question 5

Primitive Pulmonary Vein

Answer 5

Smooth part of left atrium

Question 6

Left horn of sinus venosus

Answer 6

coronary sinus

Question 7

Right horn of sinus venosus

Answer 7

smooth part of right atrium

Question 8

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

Answer 8

SVC

Question 9

1st Heart Sound

Answer 9

week 4

Question 10

Cardiac Looping

Answer 10

Primary heart tube loops to establish left-right polarity; begins week 4 of gestation

Question 11

Kartagener Syndrome

Answer 11

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

defect in left-right dynein, can lead to dextrocardia

Question 12

Septum Primum

Answer 12

Grows toward endocardial cushions narrowing the foramen primum (opening betwen left and right atria)

Question 13

Foramen Secundum

Answer 13

Forms in septum primum and foramen primum disappears

Question 14

Septum secundum

Answer 14

Develops from endocardial cushion and from top of cardiac tissue

Question 15

Valve of Foramen Ovale

Answer 15

septum primum

Question 16

Form Atrial Septum

Answer 16

Fusion of Septum Primum and Septum Secundum

Question 17

Closure of Foramen Ovale

Answer 17

At birth due to increase left atria pressure

Question 18

Patent Foramen Ovale

Answer 18

Failure of septum primum and secundum to fuse after birth. Right-to-Left Shunt
can lead to paradoxical emboli (venous thromboemboli in systemic arterial circulation)

Question 19

Aorticopulmonary septum

Answer 19

become ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 20

Ventricular Septal Defect

Answer 20

most commonly in membranous septum; acyanotic at birth due to left-to-right shunt

Question 21

Outflow Tract Formation

Answer 21

neural crest and endocardial cell migration

truncal and bulbar ridges spiral and fuse to form aorticopulmonary septum

Question 22

Conotruncal Abnormalities

Answer 22

Transposition of Great Vessels, Tetralogy of Fallot, Persistent Truncus Arteriosus

Question 23

Aortic and Pulmonary valves

Answer 23

from endocardial cushions of outflow tract

Question 24

Mitral and tricuspid valves

Answer 24

from fused ensocardial cushions of AV canal

Question 25

Ebstein Anomaly

Answer 25

apical displacement of the septal and posterior tricuspid valve leaflets, leading to atrialization of the right ventricle malformation and displacement of the anterior leaflet.

Question 26

Yolk Sac

Answer 26

Fetal erythropoiesis weeks 3-8

Question 27

Liver

Answer 27

Fetal erythropoiesis 6weeks to birth

Question 28

Spleen

Answer 28

Fetal erythropoiesis 10-28weeks

Question 29

Bone Marrow

Answer 29

Fetal erythropoiesis from 18 weeks to adult

Question 30

Fetal Hb

Answer 30

HbF, 2 alpha and 2 gamma | higher affinity bindings oxygen because less binding to 2,3-BPG

Question 31

Bypasses Hepatic Circulation

Answer 31

Ductus Venosus

Question 32

Helps close PDA

Answer 32

Indomethacin

Question 33

Keeps PDA open

Answer 33

Prostaglandins E1 and E2

Question 34

Umbilical Vein

Answer 34

``` high oxygen (80% saturated), from placenta becomes ligamentum teres which is contained in the falciform ligamen ```

Question 35

Umbilical arteries

Answer 35

low in oxygen | Medial umbilical ligaments

Question 36

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 36

Ligamentum arteriosum connect pulmonary artyer to descending aorta Bypasses Lungs

Question 37

Ductus Venosus

Answer 37

Ligamentum Venosum | join umbilical vein to IVC bypassing the liver

Question 38

Allantois

Answer 38

Urachus-median umbilical ligament

Question 39

Notochord

Answer 39

Nucleus Pulposus of intervertebral disc

Question 40

Best character in super smash brothers

Answer 40

Kirby