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CNS Anatomy > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

which layer of the trilaminar disc does the nervous system form from

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

what day do the neural folds start aperaing

A

20 days

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3
Q

when does the cns start to develp

A

3rd week

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4
Q

what is the nerual plate

A

thicking of te ectoderm at the primative nodes

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5
Q

what is the neual folds

A

when the edges of the ectoderm thicken and move upwards

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6
Q

how is the neural tube formed

A

by the nerual folds moving toghether and closing

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7
Q

what day does the anteiro neurpore close

A

day 25

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8
Q

what day does the postieor neurpore clsoe

A

27day

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9
Q

gorove betwen neraul fld

A

neraul grove

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10
Q

how many closeu sight for tthe nurla tube are there

A

5

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11
Q

what are the defects called for failure of neural tube to close

A

anencephaly
encephalocoele
spina bifida

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12
Q

exencephaly is

A

failrue fo the anteior neuropore to close

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13
Q

consequence of exencephaly is

A

skull fials to form
brian tissue degenataes
it is incompatible with life

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14
Q

what is ecephocole

A

herniation of cerbal tissue though defect in the skull

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15
Q

where is encephocle most common

A

in occiptial
can also in fronto nalsa region

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16
Q

what is spina bifda

A

defective closuer of caudal nreual tube

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17
Q

what does spinal bifida efect

A

tissue overling spianl cord and non fusion of vertal arties

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18
Q

what is spinal bifidia occulta

A

the msot minor form of spina diffida wich tuft of hair forming

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19
Q

what is spinal bifida cystica

A

where the spinal cord and mengies produete

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20
Q

what is spinal bifida with menigocele

A

where the cnf and melinges produe

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21
Q

what is spinal bifida with meningomyelocle

A

where spinal nerve and cnf, and mengies produce

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22
Q

how to prevnet spinal difia

A

folic acid supplemtnes

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23
Q

what are ways of detecing spinal bifida

A

aminocenties, ultra sound materal blod sample - where a fetoprien in serum is high form fealt liver

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24
Q

causes of spienal bidif

A

genetics
nutrion - too ligle folate or to much vit a
environmental - e.g. hypermia, taking cerian drugs such as sodium valproate

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25
Q

how many brain vessible are at 4 weeks

A

3

26
Q

how many brain vessicles are at 5 week

A

5

27
Q

brain vessiles at 4 weeks

A

prosencephalon - fore brain
mesencephalon - mid brain
rhombencephalon - hind brian

28
Q

bain venticles at 4 weeks

A

prosencephaolon - telencephalon and diencephlon
mesencephaon
rhombencephalon - metencephlaon, myelencephalon

29
Q

where does te cephalic fleuxure occure

A

betwen mid brain and hind brain

30
Q

age of cehalic flexure

A

3rd week

31
Q

age of cervial fleuxre

A

4th week

32
Q

where is the cervicla flexure

A

between hind brain and spinal cord

33
Q

age of potine fluxure

A

5th week

34
Q

where is the pontine flexure

A

in hind brian, betwene mentencephalon and myelencephalon

35
Q

what forms form telenchpalon

A

cerbeal hemipshere, hippocampus, basal ganglia

36
Q

what forms form diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituatory gland, pineal

37
Q

what forms form mesencphalon,

A

superior an dinfioer coliculi

38
Q

what from form menecphalon

A

cerebeulum, pon

39
Q

what forms form myelencephalon

A

medulla

40
Q

what is the benficit of corial folding

A

creates gorve and election, this si space saving as it minimal brain volume, and helps to brian to gether brain regiosn

41
Q

what is lissencphaly

A

smooth brian, fialrue of sulit adn gyri to grow

42
Q

what is polymicorgyia

A

too many small gyri, leading to neurologica problems

43
Q

what age does cnf form

A

5th week

44
Q

what produces csf

A

chorid prleux

45
Q

what is hydrocephalu

A

accumulation of csf due to fialure of cerbal aqueduct function

46
Q

causes of hydrocephalus

A

genetic, prenatla viral infeciton, intraventicluar heamorrage,spina bfida cystica

47
Q

what type of epital is the nural tube

A

pseudostratified epithelium

48
Q

what are the cells that are derives form neuropeptial celsl

A

neruon
astroctyes
oligdendrocytes

49
Q

what cell migrates into the cns

A

microgial which is a derigative of the the mesenchymal cell

50
Q

what are most of nerves form

A

nerual crests

51
Q

where is teh neraul crest fomr

A

postioer part of cns

52
Q

what type of cell s nerual crest mainly form

A

ganglia of sympat and parasympetic

53
Q

what happens to the lueng of the spianl for during develpim

A

rapid gowth of vergabl colum form new bron

54
Q

what is microcephaly

A

decrease in size of brain due to drug and zika virus

55
Q

what is angensis corpus callosm

A

non development of corpus callosium with interlecul impairment

56
Q

what is porencephaly

A

where ther are csf fileld cysts for cavities, which lead to sequre, stokes and interlecure imparment

57
Q

what is schizencopy

A

large clefts of lsiitn in brain cuased by nfection, uterio stoe, or , leads to paralis seizrue and inmparie tn

58
Q

what is distametopys

A

spinal cord splte lognituslly into 2 parts due to vertialby abdnoties

59
Q

cause of interlectura imparimetn

A

radiation,down, infectious agnes, brith trauma, postnatla insults e.g. head injury

60
Q

how common is materal alchol baoure

A

1:1000

CNS Anatomy (5 decks)

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