Embryology

Question 1

which layer of the trilaminar disc does the nervous system form from

Answer 1

ectoderm

Question 2

what day do the neural folds start aperaing

Answer 2

20 days

Question 3

when does the cns start to develp

Answer 3

3rd week

Question 4

what is the nerual plate

Answer 4

thicking of te ectoderm at the primative nodes

Question 5

what is the neual folds

Answer 5

when the edges of the ectoderm thicken and move upwards

Question 6

how is the neural tube formed

Answer 6

by the nerual folds moving toghether and closing

Question 7

what day does the anteiro neurpore close

Answer 7

day 25

Question 8

what day does the postieor neurpore clsoe

Answer 8

27day

Question 9

gorove betwen neraul fld

Answer 9

neraul grove

Question 10

how many closeu sight for tthe nurla tube are there

Answer 10

5

Question 11

what are the defects called for failure of neural tube to close

Answer 11

anencephaly
encephalocoele
spina bifida

Question 12

exencephaly is

Answer 12

failrue fo the anteior neuropore to close

Question 13

consequence of exencephaly is

Answer 13

skull fials to form
brian tissue degenataes
it is incompatible with life

Question 14

what is ecephocole

Answer 14

herniation of cerbal tissue though defect in the skull

Question 15

where is encephocle most common

Answer 15

in occiptial
can also in fronto nalsa region

Question 16

what is spina bifda

Answer 16

defective closuer of caudal nreual tube

Question 17

what does spinal bifida efect

Answer 17

tissue overling spianl cord and non fusion of vertal arties

Question 18

what is spinal bifidia occulta

Answer 18

the msot minor form of spina diffida wich tuft of hair forming

Question 19

what is spinal bifida cystica

Answer 19

where the spinal cord and mengies produete

Question 20

what is spinal bifida with menigocele

Answer 20

where the cnf and melinges produe

Question 21

what is spinal bifida with meningomyelocle

Answer 21

where spinal nerve and cnf, and mengies produce

Question 22

how to prevnet spinal difia

Answer 22

folic acid supplemtnes

Question 23

what are ways of detecing spinal bifida

Answer 23

aminocenties, ultra sound materal blod sample - where a fetoprien in serum is high form fealt liver

Question 24

causes of spienal bidif

Answer 24

genetics
nutrion - too ligle folate or to much vit a
environmental - e.g. hypermia, taking cerian drugs such as sodium valproate

Question 25

how many brain vessible are at 4 weeks

Answer 25

3

Question 26

how many brain vessicles are at 5 week

Answer 26

5

Question 27

brain vessiles at 4 weeks

Answer 27

prosencephalon - fore brain mesencephalon - mid brain rhombencephalon - hind brian

Question 28

bain venticles at 4 weeks

Answer 28

prosencephaolon - telencephalon and diencephlon mesencephaon rhombencephalon - metencephlaon, myelencephalon

Question 29

where does te cephalic fleuxure occure

Answer 29

betwen mid brain and hind brain

Question 30

age of cehalic flexure

Answer 30

3rd week

Question 31

age of cervial fleuxre

Answer 31

4th week

Question 32

where is the cervicla flexure

Answer 32

between hind brain and spinal cord

Question 33

age of potine fluxure

Answer 33

5th week

Question 34

where is the pontine flexure

Answer 34

in hind brian, betwene mentencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 35

what forms form telenchpalon

Answer 35

cerbeal hemipshere, hippocampus, basal ganglia

Question 36

what forms form diencephalon

Answer 36

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituatory gland, pineal

Question 37

what forms form mesencphalon,

Answer 37

superior an dinfioer coliculi

Question 38

what from form menecphalon

Answer 38

cerebeulum, pon

Question 39

what forms form myelencephalon

Answer 39

medulla

Question 40

what is the benficit of corial folding

Answer 40

creates gorve and election, this si space saving as it minimal brain volume, and helps to brian to gether brain regiosn

Question 41

what is lissencphaly

Answer 41

smooth brian, fialrue of sulit adn gyri to grow

Question 42

what is polymicorgyia

Answer 42

too many small gyri, leading to neurologica problems

Question 43

what age does cnf form

Answer 43

5th week

Question 44

what produces csf

Answer 44

chorid prleux

Question 45

what is hydrocephalu

Answer 45

accumulation of csf due to fialure of cerbal aqueduct function

Question 46

causes of hydrocephalus

Answer 46

genetic, prenatla viral infeciton, intraventicluar heamorrage,spina bfida cystica

Question 47

what type of epital is the nural tube

Answer 47

pseudostratified epithelium

Question 48

what are the cells that are derives form neuropeptial celsl

Answer 48

neruon astroctyes oligdendrocytes

Question 49

what cell migrates into the cns

Answer 49

microgial which is a derigative of the the mesenchymal cell

Question 50

what are most of nerves form

Answer 50

nerual crests

Question 51

where is teh neraul crest fomr

Answer 51

postioer part of cns

Question 52

what type of cell s nerual crest mainly form

Answer 52

ganglia of sympat and parasympetic

Question 53

what happens to the lueng of the spianl for during develpim

Answer 53

rapid gowth of vergabl colum form new bron

Question 54

what is microcephaly

Answer 54

decrease in size of brain due to drug and zika virus

Question 55

what is angensis corpus callosm

Answer 55

non development of corpus callosium with interlecul impairment

Question 56

what is porencephaly

Answer 56

where ther are csf fileld cysts for cavities, which lead to sequre, stokes and interlecure imparment

Question 57

what is schizencopy

Answer 57

large clefts of lsiitn in brain cuased by nfection, uterio stoe, or , leads to paralis seizrue and inmparie tn

Question 58

what is distametopys

Answer 58

spinal cord splte lognituslly into 2 parts due to vertialby abdnoties

Question 59

cause of interlectura imparimetn

Answer 59

radiation,down, infectious agnes, brith trauma, postnatla insults e.g. head injury

Question 60

how common is materal alchol baoure

Answer 60

1:1000