Embryology Flashcards
What does each become from the GI tube?
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut
F: pharynx to duodenum
M: duodenum to transverse colon
H: distal transverse colon to rectum
Developmental defects of anterior abdominal wall occur due to a failure of what?
Rostral fold closure: sternal defects;
Lat fold closure: omphalocele, gastroschisis;
Caudal fold closure: bladder exstrophy
Define duodenal atresia and its association
failure to recanlaize => trisomy 21
apple peel atresia is associated w/ what?
jejunal, iliel, colonic atresia from vascular accident
what are the key times in midgut development?
6th and 10th week
what occurs at the 6th week in midgut development?
midgut herniates through umbilical ring
what occurs at the 10th week in midgut development?
returns to abdominal cavity and rotates around SMA
What are the possible pathologies assoc w/ midgut development?
malrotation of midgut;
omphalocele;
intestinal atresia or stenosis;
volvulus
differentiate gastroschisis and omphalocele
G: not covered by peritoneum
O: covered by peritoneum
Define gastrochisis
extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds
define omphalocele
persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord
What is the most common TE fistula?
esophageal atresia w/ distal TEF
what are the results of the most common TEF?
drooling, choking, vomiting w/ FIRST FEEDING;
air in stomach
A patient has poor perfusion, distended stomach, and cannot pass an NG tube into stomach?
EA w/ distal TEF
A newborn has spasm in the neck near the larynx. Why does this occur?
laryngospasm to avoid reflux related aspiration
why is cyanosis associated w/ TEF?
it is secondary to laryngospasm to avoid getting reflux aspiration through the trachea
What is the clinical test for TEF anomalies?
failure to pass NG tube into stomach
What is an H-type TE anomaly?
fistula alone
infant has some choking and vomiting on feeding. He presents w/ a gasless abdomnen. what is the Dx?
isolated pure atresia (stenosis)
Define congenital pyloric stenosis
hypertrophy of the pylorus causing obstruction
Give a patient presentation w/ congenital pyloric stenosis
palpable “olive” mass in epigastric region;
nonbilious projectile vomit 2wks after birth
Tx for hypertrophy of the pylorus
surgical incision
How common is congenital pyloric stenosis?
1/600 live births;
1st born males typically
Where is the pancreas derived from?
foregut
