Embryology

Question 1

What does each become from the GI tube?
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

Answer 1

F: pharynx to duodenum
M: duodenum to transverse colon
H: distal transverse colon to rectum

Question 2

Developmental defects of anterior abdominal wall occur due to a failure of what?

Answer 2

Rostral fold closure: sternal defects;
Lat fold closure: omphalocele, gastroschisis;
Caudal fold closure: bladder exstrophy

Question 3

Define duodenal atresia and its association

Answer 3

failure to recanlaize => trisomy 21

Question 4

apple peel atresia is associated w/ what?

Answer 4

jejunal, iliel, colonic atresia from vascular accident

Question 5

what are the key times in midgut development?

Answer 5

6th and 10th week

Question 6

what occurs at the 6th week in midgut development?

Answer 6

midgut herniates through umbilical ring

Question 7

what occurs at the 10th week in midgut development?

Answer 7

returns to abdominal cavity and rotates around SMA

Question 8

What are the possible pathologies assoc w/ midgut development?

Answer 8

malrotation of midgut;
omphalocele;
intestinal atresia or stenosis;
volvulus

Question 9

differentiate gastroschisis and omphalocele

Answer 9

G: not covered by peritoneum
O: covered by peritoneum

Question 10

Define gastrochisis

Answer 10

extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds

Question 11

define omphalocele

Answer 11

persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord

Question 12

What is the most common TE fistula?

Answer 12

esophageal atresia w/ distal TEF

Question 13

what are the results of the most common TEF?

Answer 13

drooling, choking, vomiting w/ FIRST FEEDING;

air in stomach

Question 14

A patient has poor perfusion, distended stomach, and cannot pass an NG tube into stomach?

Answer 14

EA w/ distal TEF

Question 15

A newborn has spasm in the neck near the larynx. Why does this occur?

Answer 15

laryngospasm to avoid reflux related aspiration

Question 16

why is cyanosis associated w/ TEF?

Answer 16

it is secondary to laryngospasm to avoid getting reflux aspiration through the trachea

Question 17

What is the clinical test for TEF anomalies?

Answer 17

failure to pass NG tube into stomach

Question 18

What is an H-type TE anomaly?

Answer 18

fistula alone

Question 19

infant has some choking and vomiting on feeding. He presents w/ a gasless abdomnen. what is the Dx?

Answer 19

isolated pure atresia (stenosis)

Question 20

Define congenital pyloric stenosis

Answer 20

hypertrophy of the pylorus causing obstruction

Question 21

Give a patient presentation w/ congenital pyloric stenosis

Answer 21

palpable “olive” mass in epigastric region;

nonbilious projectile vomit 2wks after birth

Question 22

Tx for hypertrophy of the pylorus

Answer 22

surgical incision

Question 23

How common is congenital pyloric stenosis?

Answer 23

1/600 live births;

1st born males typically

Question 24

Where is the pancreas derived from?

Answer 24

foregut

Question 25

embryological damage to ventral pancreatic buds will cause deformation to what?

Answer 25

pancreatic head and main pancreatic duct

Question 26

What forms the uncinate process?

Answer 26

ONLY ventral bud

Question 27

What is formed by the dorsal pancreatic bud?

Answer 27

body,
tail,
isthmus,
accessory pancreatic duct

Question 28

A child has occasional billous vomit and duodenal narrowing on CXR. Dx?

Answer 28

annular pancreas

Question 29

what causes annular pancreas

Answer 29

ventral pancreatic bud encircles 2nd part of duodenum

Question 30

Define annular pancreas

Answer 30

ring of pancreatic tissue causing duodenal narrowing

Question 31

define pancreas divisum

Answer 31

ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at 8wks

Question 32

Where does the spleen arise from?

Answer 32

mesentery of stomach (so mesodermal)

Question 33

What supplies the spleen?

Answer 33

the foregut artery=> celiac artery