Embryology Flashcards
The three germinal layers are
- endoderm
- mesoderm
- ectoderm (nerves and skin)
Endoderm derivatives are
- gut
- respiratory tract
- tubular structures
Mesoderm layer is composed of 4 subgroups..
- paraxial
- intermediate
- head
- lateral plate
Paraxial gives rise to
somites 31 pairs
Intermediate gives rise to
kidneys
Head gives rise to
skull, muscles, ad CT of head and DENTINE
Lateral plate gives rise to
ADRENAL CORTEX, SPLEEN, blood lymph serous membranes
Ectoderm gives rise to 2 subgroups
- surface
- neuroectoderm - 1. neural tube 2. neural crest
Surface ectoderm gives rise to
ANTERIOR PITUITARY and LENS OF EYE
enamel, hair, and nails
Neural tube gives rise to
POST PITUITARY and RETINA of eye
Neural crest gives rise to
DRG, ANS, PARAFOLLICULAR CELLS OF THYROID, ADRENA MEDULLA
3 Stages of embryological development
- mesodermal
- chondrification
- ossification
chondrification is __ being replaced by __
mesoderm being replaced by cartilage
ossification is __ being replaced by __
cartilage being replaced by bone
1* ossification = __ birth
2 * ossification = __ birth
BEFORE 1
AFTER 2
mouth =
stomodeum
foregut =
oral cavity to 1st ⅓ of duodenum
midgut =
remained ⅔ of duodenum to ⅔ transverse colon
hindgut =
last ⅓ transverse colon to anus
gubernaculum of MALES becomes
scrotal ligament
gubernacular testis
gubernaculum of FEMALES becomes
round ligament, ovarian ligament,
suspensory ligament
Foramen Cecum gives rise to
thyroid
Limb bud rotation
arms = 90* __
legs = 90* __
arms - lateral
legs - medial
Planes of the Body
coronal or frontal goes
A-P
Planes of the Body
Sagittal Medial
R-L
Planes of the Body
Transverse or Horizontal
S - I
Stages of Mitosis
INTERPHASE
resting or S phase
Stages of Mitosis
PROPHASE
membrane disappears
Stages of Mitosis
METAPHASE
chromosome line at the equator
Stages of Mitosis
ANAPHASE
chromosomes move toward the pole
Stages of Mitosis
TELOPHASE
separation of chromosomes
