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Embryology- Principles > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Fertilisation to end of week 3?

A

Conceptus

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2
Q

Week 4 to week 8?

A

Embryo

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3
Q

Week 9 to birth?

A

Foetus

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4
Q

What are the anatomical positions in terms of an unborn baby?

A

Cranial- up
caudal- down
ventral- front
dorsal- back

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5
Q

how is development controlled

A

genetic- gene expression

epigenetic- preferential expression of either material or paternal copy of a gene

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6
Q

what is fertilisation

A

fusion of sperm and oocyte

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7
Q

what does fusion of a sperm and oocyte form

A

zygote

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8
Q

where does fertilisation take place

A

ampulla

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9
Q

what is cleavage

A

period of rapid mitotic cell division

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10
Q

is there an increase in size in cleavage

A

no

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11
Q

what are the daughter cells of a zygote called

A

blastomeres

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12
Q

when 8 cells compact what does the zygote become

A

blastocyst

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13
Q

when 16 cells compact what does the blastocyst become

A

morula

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14
Q

what 2 groups do the morula cell separate and become

A

trophoblasts and inner mass

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15
Q

what is gastrulation

A

formation of the germ layers

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16
Q

what are the germ layers

A

ectoderm- outer
mesoderm- middle
endoderm- inner

17
Q

what is formation of the body plan

A

embryonic folding

18
Q

what is embryonic folding

A

gut tube within skin or body wall

19
Q

what is organogenesis

A

formation of organs and organ systems

20
Q

what are the major processes that occur during embryology

A 
cell division
differentiation
cell attachment
apoptosis
induction
cell migration
21
Q

what is cell division

A

increase in number of cells

22
Q

what is differentiation

A

specialisation, change in appearance/structure, adoption of new functions

23
Q

what is cell attachment

A

formation of tissues

24
Q

what is apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

25
Q

what is induction

A

ability of one cell to cause another to differentiate

26
Q

what is cell migration

A

movement of one location to another

27
Q

when does growth gain usually occur

A

2nd trimester

28
Q

when does weight gain usually occur

A

3rd trimester

29
Q

what are the female reproductive organs

30
Q

what are the accessory reproductive organs

A

uterine tubes
uterus
vagina

31
Q

what are the 3 layers of the body of the uterus

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

32
Q

what is an ectopic pregnancy

A

when the fertilised ovum implants outwit the uterine cavity (ovary, ampulla, uterine tune

33
Q

where should implantation take place

A

middle of upper uterine wall

34
Q

when does the heart begin to develop

Embryology- Principles (2 decks)

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