Embryology

Question 1

Fertilisation to end of week 3?

Answer 1

Conceptus

Question 2

Week 4 to week 8?

Answer 2

Embryo

Question 3

Week 9 to birth?

Answer 3

Foetus

Question 4

What are the anatomical positions in terms of an unborn baby?

Answer 4

Cranial- up
caudal- down
ventral- front
dorsal- back

Question 5

how is development controlled

Answer 5

genetic- gene expression

epigenetic- preferential expression of either material or paternal copy of a gene

Question 6

what is fertilisation

Answer 6

fusion of sperm and oocyte

Question 7

what does fusion of a sperm and oocyte form

Answer 7

zygote

Question 8

where does fertilisation take place

Answer 8

ampulla

Question 9

what is cleavage

Answer 9

period of rapid mitotic cell division

Question 10

is there an increase in size in cleavage

Answer 10

no

Question 11

what are the daughter cells of a zygote called

Answer 11

blastomeres

Question 12

when 8 cells compact what does the zygote become

Answer 12

blastocyst

Question 13

when 16 cells compact what does the blastocyst become

Answer 13

morula

Question 14

what 2 groups do the morula cell separate and become

Answer 14

trophoblasts and inner mass

Question 15

what is gastrulation

Answer 15

formation of the germ layers

Question 16

what are the germ layers

Answer 16

ectoderm- outer
mesoderm- middle
endoderm- inner

Question 17

what is formation of the body plan

Answer 17

embryonic folding

Question 18

what is embryonic folding

Answer 18

gut tube within skin or body wall

Question 19

what is organogenesis

Answer 19

formation of organs and organ systems

Question 20

what are the major processes that occur during embryology

Answer 20

cell division
differentiation
cell attachment
apoptosis
induction
cell migration

Question 21

what is cell division

Answer 21

increase in number of cells

Question 22

what is differentiation

Answer 22

specialisation, change in appearance/structure, adoption of new functions

Question 23

what is cell attachment

Answer 23

formation of tissues

Question 24

what is apoptosis

Answer 24

programmed cell death

Question 25

what is induction

Answer 25

ability of one cell to cause another to differentiate

Question 26

what is cell migration

Answer 26

movement of one location to another

Question 27

when does growth gain usually occur

Answer 27

2nd trimester

Question 28

when does weight gain usually occur

Answer 28

3rd trimester

Question 29

what are the female reproductive organs

Answer 29

ovaries

Question 30

what are the accessory reproductive organs

Answer 30

uterine tubes uterus vagina

Question 31

what are the 3 layers of the body of the uterus

Answer 31

perimetrium myometrium endometrium

Question 32

what is an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 32

when the fertilised ovum implants outwit the uterine cavity (ovary, ampulla, uterine tune

Question 33

where should implantation take place

Answer 33

middle of upper uterine wall

Question 34

when does the heart begin to develop

Answer 34

week 4