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GI Extra Flashcards > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 components of the mesoderm ?

A

Lateral plates
Intermediate
Paraxial

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2
Q

What does the paraxial mesoderm differentiate into ?

A

Somites which then form skeletal muscle, vertebrae and cartilage

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3
Q

What does paraxial mesoderm differentiate into ?

A

Gonads and kidneys

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4
Q

What are the 2 differentiations of the lateral plate mesoderm ?

A

Splanchnic and somatic

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5
Q

What derive from the ectoderm ?

A

Epidermis

Nerve tissue

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6
Q

What derives from the endoderm ?

A

Epithelia of the GI

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7
Q

In which layer of the trilaminar disc does the amniotic cavity sit in ?

A

Ectoderm

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8
Q

In which layer of the trilaminar disc does the yolk sac sit in ?

A

The endoderm

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9
Q

What structures are considered to be in the foregut ?

A

Oesophagus - second part of duodenum where the bile duct joins

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10
Q

What structures are considered to be in the midgut ?

A

Duodenum - distal 2/3 transverse colon

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11
Q

What structures are considered to be in the hindgut ?

A

Distal 2/3 transverse colon - upper anal canal

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12
Q

What is the connection between the yolk sac and the midgut called ?

A

The vitalline duct

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13
Q

What may occur if the vitalline duct remains ?

A

Meckel’s diverticulum- outpouching of small intestine

Connection between the midgut and umbilicus which can allow faecal material to exit the umbilicus

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14
Q

In what week does the cranial-caudal folding occur ?

A

4th

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15
Q

What is the name of the combination of endoderm and splanchnic mesoderm ?

A

Splanchnopleuric mesoderm

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16
Q

What is the name of the combination of ectoderm and somatic mesoderm ?

A

Somatopleuric mesoderm

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17
Q

What is the name of the space between the splanchnopleuric mesoderm and somatopleurc mesoderm called ?

A

Intraembryonic coelom

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18
Q

What is the peritoneum derived from ?

A

Lateral plate mesoderm

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19
Q

How does the mouth form ?

A

The buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures in the 4th week

20
Q

How does the anus form ?

A

The cloacal membrane ruptures around the 7th week

21
Q

What artery supplies the foregut ?

A

Coeliac artery

22
Q

What artery supplies the midgut ?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

23
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut ?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

24
Q

What does the lower respiratory tract derive from ?

A

Foregut

25
Q

What does the bile duct derive from ?

A

Foregut

26
Q

What does the pancreas derive from ?

A

Foregut

27
Q

What does the liver derive from ?

A

Foregut

28
Q

What does the caecum derive from ?

A

Midgut

29
Q

What does the cloaca derive from ?

A

The hindgut

30
Q

What happens to the endoderm in the 5th week ?

A

It rapidly proliferates and occluded the lumen. It then recanalises in the 9th week however if this isn’t successful there will be massive abnormalities

31
Q

In the foregut there is a lung bud how dies this divide into the oesophagus and trachea

A

The tracheoesophageal septum cleaves off the 2 forming the trachea anteriorly and the oesophagus posteriorly

32
Q

If the tracheoesophageal septum is defective what can form ?

A

Blind end oesophagus

Tracheoesophageal fistula

33
Q

How does the stomach rotate ?

A

Rotates 90 degrees

34
Q

Which section of the gut has a dorsal and ventral mesentery ?

A

Foregut

35
Q

Which mesentery does the liver develop in ?

A

Ventral

36
Q

Which mesentery does the spleen develop in ?

A

Dorsal

37
Q

Where does the lesser sac lie ?

A

Behind the stomach

38
Q

Where does the greater sac lie ?

A

Anterior to the stomach

39
Q

What is the connection between the greater and lesser sac called?

A

Foramen of Winslow

40
Q

What does the right vagal nerve form ?

A

Posterior vagal trunk

41
Q

What does the left vagal nerve form ?

A

The anterior vagal trunk

42
Q

What does the falciform ligament attach to ?

A

Anterior wall of the abdomen to the liver

43
Q

What does the lesser omentum attach to ?

A

Liver and stomach

44
Q

What does the gastro - splenic ligament attach to ?

A

Stomach and the spleen

45
Q

What does the splenomegaly-renal ligament attach to ?

A

Spleen and kidney

GI Extra Flashcards (7 decks)

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