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Semester 3 - GI > Embryology 1 - Peritoneum and Foregut > Flashcards

Embryology 1 - Peritoneum and Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

How does the gut come to be suspended within a cavity?

A

Via craniocaudal folding

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2
Q

What is the midgut continuous with?

A

The yolk sac - opens out through umbilicus

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3
Q

Where does the primitive gut tube run between?

A

The stomatadeum (future mouth) and proctodeum (future anus)

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4
Q

How does the primitive gut tube lie within the body?

A

Suspended in the intraembryonic cavity by a double layer of splanchnic mesoderm

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5
Q

What tissue layer is the lining of the primitive gut tube derived from?
What will it later become?

A

Endoderm –> will become epithelia

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6
Q

What is the origin of the external lining of the primitive gut tube?
What will it become?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm –> becomes musculature and visceral peritoneum

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7
Q

Which parts of the GI tract are derived from the foregut?

A

Oesophagus
Stomach
Pancreas, liver and gallbladder
Duodenum PROXIMAL TO BILE DUCT

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8
Q

List the parts of the GI tract derived from the midgut

A 
Duodenum distal to bile duct
Jejunum
Ileum
Caecum
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3rds of the transverse colon
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9
Q

Which parts of the GI tract are derived from the hindgut?

A 
Distal 1/3rd of the transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum and upper anal canal
*Bladder and urethra*
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10
Q

Which branch of the abdominal aorta supplies the foregut structures?

A

Coeliac trunk

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11
Q

The superior mesenteric artery supplies the foregut, midgut or hindgut?

A

Midgut

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12
Q

Which blood vessel supplies the hindgut?

A

IMA

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13
Q

What is significant about blood supply to the duodenum and pancreas?

A

As they lie close to the border of the foregut and midgut, they are supplied by both the coeliac trunk and the SMA

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14
Q

What is a mesentery?

What are its functions?

A

A double layer of peritoneum suspending a part of the gut from the abdominal wall.
Allows mobility of the suspended structure, and acts as a conduit for neurovasculature

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15
Q

How does the mesentery form?

A

The gut tube lies within the body cavity surrounded by splanchnic mesoderm. This mesoderm condenses to form mesentery.

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16
Q

Compare and contrast the role of mesentery with regards to the foregut, midgut and hindgut

A

Foregut is suspended by dorsal AND ventral mesentery

Midgut and hindgut suspended by dorsal mesentery only

17
Q

Why do the foregut structures appear to have less mobility than the midgut and hindgut structures?

A

Foregut is suspended from the dorsal body wall by dorsal mesentery AND the ventral body wall by ventral mesentery, whereas mid and hindgut have dorsal mesentery only

18
Q

What structures appear to divide the foregut into right and left?

A

The dorsal and ventral mesenteries

19
Q

What are omenta?

A

Specialised regions of peritoneum

20
Q

From what is the greater omentum derived?

A

Dorsal mesentery

21
Q

A region of the ventral mesentery specialises to become what?

A

Lesser omentum

22
Q

How does the lesser sac form?

Formative question with answer from markscheme

A

The foregut is attached both dorsally and ventrally to the abdominal wall. Hence, when it rotates, it creates an enclosed space, which is the lesser sac.

23
Q

Briefly outline how the stomach develops

A

Distal foregut slightly dilates around week 4
Dorsal border grows quicker - creates greater curvature
Rotates 90* clockwise around longitudinal axis, and also around anterio-posterior axis, pushing greater curvature inferiorly.

24
Q

When does the liver begin to develop and from what?

A

Develops from hepatic bud around the 4th week

25
Q

Which foregut structures are secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Pancreas

Duodenum

26
Q

Describe the effects of stomach rotation on the development of the duodenum

A

Rotation of the stomach means duodenum:

  • Forms C-shaped loop
  • Is pushed back against posterior abdominal wall, with the mesentery pushed back against the parietal peritoneum. These then fuse –> mesentery lost.
27
Q

Folding in which direction creates the ventral body wall?

A

Lateral

28
Q

What structure develops in the ventral mesentery of the foregut?

A

The liver

Semester 3 - GI (6 decks)

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