Embryo/Teratogenesis

Question 1

What are some congential teratogenic infections?

Answer 1

1) Toxoplasmosis
2) CMV
3) Varicella
4) Parvovirus (B19)
5) Rubella
6) Zika
7) Treponema pallidum (Syphilis)

Question 2

What do you do when your pregnant px is diagnosed with a Treponema pallidum infection?

Answer 2

TREAT IMMEDIATELY
- Penicillin G

Question 3

What is the difference between deformation, disruption and malformation?

Answer 3

Deformation is by non-disruptive mechanical forces.

Disruption if from interference with normal development.

Malformation is defect arising from intrinsically abnormal tissue.

Question 4

What are 3 teratogenic maternal conditions?

Answer 4

1) DM
2) SLE
3) Hyperthermia in 1st trimester

Question 5

What are some teratogenic environmental exposures?

Answer 5

1) Ionising radiation
2) Methyl mercury (eg. aquatic apex predators)
3) Radioactive iodine
4) PCBs (eg. fish, meat, dairy)
5) Smoking

Question 6

What are some common teratogenic drugs?

Answer 6

1) Thalidomide
2) Alcohol
3) Anti-epileptics
4) Statins
5) ACE inhibitors/ARBs
6) Warfarin
7) Isotretinoin and Etretinate
8) Androgenic hormones
9) Lithium
10) Cytotoxic drugs

Question 7

What are some tissues/organs/systems derived from the Ectoderm?

Answer 7

Outside + brain
1) NS
2) Sensory epithelium
3) Epidermis
4) Subcut/pituitary glands
5) Teeth

Question 8

What are some tissues/organs/systems derived from the Mesoderm?

Answer 8

Inside stuff - internal epithelium
1) Bone and muscle
2) Urogenitalia/peritoneum
3) Lymphatics
4) CVS
5) Connective tissues

Question 9

What are some tissues/organs/systems derived from the Endoderm?

Answer 9

All the tracts (except nerves, heart and lymphatics)
1) Epithelium of Respi, Pancreas, Urinary bladder, urethra
2) GIT structures