Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Maternal > Embryo Pt.1 > Flashcards

Embryo Pt.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What can human development be divided into?

A

Two periods/main stages:
- Prenatal development
- Postnatal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

/

A

/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the postnatal development period include?

A

Commences at birth and continues to maturity, the state of full development or
completed growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can the prenatal development period be divided into?

A

The prenatal period contains a number of sub periods:
- Germinal stage
- Embryonic period
- Fetal period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When is the germinal stage of development?

A

The first two weeks (including fertilization) are termed germinal stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is the embryonic stage of development?

A

Starts at the 3rd week until the end of the 8th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a human termed at the embryonic stage?

A

Embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a human termed at the fetal stage?

A

Fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is the fetal stage of development?

A

Starts from the beginning of the 9th week to birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long is the germinal stage of development?

A

Two weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long is the embryonic stage of development?

A

8 weeks (if you include germinal stage in it which can be done?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How long is the fetal stage of development?

A

30 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a fertilized human egg known as?

A

Zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When does the germinal stage start and end?

A

Begins with fertilisation and ends with implantation in the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which major events occur in the germinal stage include?

A

Fertilisation, cleavage, blastulation, and implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe briefly what is the result of the embryonic stage?

A
  • By the end of the embryonic stage, most of the organs have started to form and continue to develop, mature and differentiate during the fetal stage
  • By the 8th week the embryo shows all basic organs except for sex organs.
17
Q

What can the fetal stage be divided into?

A

It can be divided into 3 different periods for simplicity:
- 9-15 weeks
- 16-26 weeks
- 27-38 weeks

18
Q

What are the most notable events that occur from weeks 9-15?

A
  • Reproduction organs develop rapidly
  • Maturation of thyroid gland and hormone production
  • Urinary system develops
  • Kidney starts to function
  • Facial development
  • Appearance of lanugo
19
Q

What is lanugo?

A

Soft fine colourless (unpigmented) hair on the foetus, especially the face

20
Q

What are the most notable events that occur from weeks 16-26?

A
  • Embryo develops sensory responses to touch. The first sensory receptor develops…
  • Face and eye continues to develop
  • Alveoli formation in the lung
  • Muscle development
  • Intestine development for preliminary ability to absorb small molecules like sugars from amniotic fluid.
21
Q

What are the most notable events that occur from weeks 27-38?

A
  • Appearing of hair
  • Diaphragm movement
  • Pupil reaction to light, if you give stimuli to the embryo with some light you can see a reaction
22
Q

What can the embryonic stage be divided into?

A

23 Carnegie stages

23
Q

What do carnegie stages take into consideration?

A

The development of the embryo is described only in the sense of the morphological changes, we are not talking about the age (not dependent on the chronological stages of the embryo) or the size but only the morphological features

24
Q

What does each week of the embryonic stage correspond to in terms of carnegie stage?

A
  • Week 1: 1,2,3,4
  • Week 2: 5,6
  • Week 3: 7,8,9
  • Week 4: 10,11,12,13
  • Week 5: 14,15
  • Week 6: 16,17
  • Week 7: 18,19
  • Week 8: 20,21,22,23
25
Q

What are the main stages of the embryonic stage?

A

Morula, blastula, gastrula and organogenesis

26
Q

When does carnegie stage 1 start and end?

A

Stage 1 starts at the beginning of fertilization, when an oocyte is penetrated by a sperm, and ends with the intermingling of the paternal (male) and maternal (female) chromosomes on the spindle at metaphase of the first mitotic division of the single cell

27
Q

How long is carnegie stage 1?

A

Requires just over 24 hours to complete

28
Q

What can carnegie stage 1 be divided into?

A

Three substages; a, b and c

29
Q

What is carnegie stage 1a also known as?

A

Primordial embryo or the “penetrated oocyte”

30
Q

What is carnegie stage 1b also known as?

A

Pronuclear embryo or ootid

31
Q

What is carnegie stage 1c also known as?

A

Syngamic embryo’ or zygote

32
Q

What are the characteristic signs of carnegie stage 1?

A

They include:
- Fertilized oocyte
- Polar bodies
- Male and female pronucleus
- Formation of the zygote

33
Q

What are the characteristic signs of carnegie stage 2?

A

They include:
- Formation of the blastomeres
- Separation of blastomeres
- Morula stage (12-16 cells)
- Compaction (8-16 cells)
- The polarization of the blastomere becomes slowly visible

34
Q

What are the characteristic signs of carnegie stage 3?

A
  • Blastocyst formed (16-32 cells)
  • Segmentation into inner (embryoblast) and outer cell mass (trophoblast)
  • Embryonic and abembryonic poles
35
Q

When does carnegie stage 2 occur?

A

On approximately the 2nd to 3rd day

36
Q

When does carnegie stage 3 occur?

A

On approximately the 3rd to 4th day

37
Q

What are the characteristic signs of carnegie stage 4?

A
  • Free blastocyst
  • Hatching of the blastocyst through degeneration of the zona pellucida
  • Epiblast and hypoblast are formed (from embryoblast) and thereby the didermic embryonic disk

Maternal (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions