Embryo Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Not enough amniotic fluid which will cause the lungs to not be developed fully and become hypoplastic
Increased risk prior to 26 weeks

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2
Q

Hyaline Membrane Distress

A

Lack of Type 2 Pneumocytes at the terminal sac stage — causing lack of surfactant

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3
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

A

Occurs during Week 6 — lack of fusion of Septum Transversum and Pleuroperitoneum Folds to form the diaphragm
More common on right side than left

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4
Q

Congenital Lung Cysts

A

Thought to be a disturbance in bronchial development during late fetal life
Honeycomb appearance on X-ray

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5
Q

Ostium Secondum

A

Caused by excessive cell death and resorption of Septum Primum or by inadequate development of Septum Secondum

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6
Q

Probe Patent Foramen Ovale

A

Incomplete adhesion between the Foramen Ovale and the Septum Primum after birth

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7
Q

Ostium Primum

A

Failure of fusion between Septum Primum and endocardial cushion

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8
Q

Complete AV Septal Defect

A

Failure of endocardial cushions to fuse — will see ASD, VSD, and abnormal valve leaflets

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9
Q

Partial AV Septal Defect

A

Failure of endocardial cushions to fuse — will see ASD and abnormal valve leaflets (NO VSD)

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10
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

A

Lack of 180 degree spiraling of Neural Crest cells

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11
Q

Double Outlet RV

A

Cyanotic — abnormal migration of the bulbar ridges during septation
Muscular portion of Interventricular Septum is misaligned

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12
Q

Truncus Arteriosus Communis

A

Absence of the bulbar and truncal ridges to form and/or migrate to the midline

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13
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Cyanotic — abnormal septation of the outflow tract due to Neural Crest cell defects

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14
Q

Critical Pulmonary Stenosis

A

Cyanotic — decreased pulmonary blood flow

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15
Q

Critical Aortic Stenosis

A

Cyanotic — decreased systemic blood flow

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16
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

A

Cyanotic — small LV and is dependent on a PDA and ASD to keep patient alive
50% of the patients with this syndrome will die

17
Q

Capillary Hemagioma

A

Excessive growth of small capillary networks

Usually cherry angiomas or Campbell de Morgan spots

18
Q

Cavernous Hemagioma

A

Proliferation of large dilated vascular channels

I.e. Hemangioma of Infancy

19
Q

Postductal Coarctation

A

Fetus will develop a collateral circulation to supply the LE

20
Q

Preductal Coarctation

A

Decreases pulses and BP in the LE

After birth, baby will become cyanotic and diaphoretic

21
Q

Double Aortic Arch

A

Persistance of the distal portion of the Right Dorsal Aorta which will form a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus

22
Q

Interrupted Aortic Arch

A

Right and Left 4th aortic arch arteries are obliterated with Distal Right Dorsal Aorta retained
Patient will have VSD and PDA due to Neural Crest cell migration defects
Often associated with DiGeorge Syndrome
Left side of body may not be getting O2

23
Q

Abnormal Origin of the Right Subclavian Artery

A

Right 4th Aortic Arch and proximal part of Right Dorsal Arch are obliterated
R Subclavian A ends up passing behind the esophagus and trachea
Pt is asymptomatic and may have lower R BP compared to L

24
Q

Right Aortic Arch

A

Left 4th Aortic Arch and Left Dorsal Aorta are obliterated and replaced by the corresponding vessels on the right side
Swallowing may be affected

25
Q

Left Superior Vena Cava

A

Persistence of Left Anterior Cardinal Vein and obliteration of Common Cardinal and proximal part of Right Anterior Cardinal Veins

26
Q

Double Superior Vena Cava

A

Persistence of Left Anterior Cardinal Vein and failure of the L Brachiocephalic Vein to form

27
Q

Double Inferior Vena Cava

A

Persistence of Left Sacrocardinal Vein — will cause dumping of venous blood into Renal Vein first then to IVC