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Neuro I > Embryo > Flashcards

Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

Prosencephalon gives rise to what?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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2
Q

Mesencephalon gives rise to what?

A

Midbrain

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3
Q

Rhombencephalon gives rise to what?

A

Metencephalon (Pons + Cerebellum)

Myencephalon (Medulla)

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4
Q

Where is the lateral ventricle located?

A

Telencephalon

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5
Q

Where is the third ventricle located?

A

Diencephalon

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6
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct located?

A

Mesencephalon

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7
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle located?

A

Between metencephalon and myencephalon

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8
Q

What week do the forebrain and hindbrain divide?

A

Week 5

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9
Q

Where do microglial cells derived from

A

Blood monocytes

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10
Q

What day does rostral neuropore close?

A

Day 25

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11
Q

What day does caudal neuropore close?

A

Day 27

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12
Q

Cervical flexure

A

Between hindbrain and spinal cord

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13
Q

Pontine Flexure

A

Divide hindbrain into metencephalon and myencephalon

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14
Q

Cephalic Flexure

A

Separates midbrain from forebrain (persists)

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15
Q

What weeks to basal ganglia develop

A

Week 6-23

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16
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A

Incomplete separation of cerebral hemispheres

*Associated with hypotelorism (close eyes), microcephaly, intellectual disability, pituitary dysfunction

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17
Q

Where does APG come from

A

Rathke’s Pouch (First arch ectoderm)

Surface ectoderm

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18
Q

Where does PPG come from

A

Neuroectoderm

19
Q

What does the alar plate of the neural plate give rise to?

A

Dorsal horn; sensory fibers that stay within CNS

20
Q

What does the basal plate give rise to?

A

Motor neurons that go to skeletal muscle

Preganglionic autonomics

21
Q

Zone I of neural canal

A 
[Ventricular Zone]
Germinal Stem cells
Ependymoblasts
Ependymal Cells
Choroid Plexus Cells
22
Q

Zone II of neural canal

A

[Intermediate Zone]

Grey matter
Cell bodies
Astrocytes
Glioblasts

23
Q

Zone III of neural canal

A

[Marginal Zone]

White matter
Oligodendrocytes
Axon tracts

24
Q

Order of nuclei midline to lateral

A 
GSE (3 4 6 12)
GVE
SVE (5 7 9)
GVA/SVA
SSA
GSA
25
Q

Medial to lateral orientation of nuclei in upper medulla

A

MOTOR
Hypoglossal nucleus
Vagal nuclei
Nucleus ambiguus

SENSORY
Vestibulococchlear nuceli
Solitary nucleus
Spinal Trigeminal

26
Q

What plate gives rise to the cuneate and gracilis nuclei?

A

Alar plate (since they are both sensory- PCML tract!)

27
Q

What side is more medial in the brain stem, motor stuff or sensory stuff?

A

Motor

28
Q

What is derived from the basal plate in the Pons?

A

Facial motor nucleus
Trigem motor nucleus
Superior salivatory nucleus
Abducens nucleus

29
Q

What are derived from the basal plate in the Midbrain?

A

Edinger-Westphal
Red nucleus
Oculomotor
Trochlear

30
Q

What are derived from the alar plate in the Midbrain?

A

Superior colliculus

Interior colliculus

31
Q

Spastic Cerebral Palsy

A

Damage to CST

Scissor Gait

32
Q

Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy

A

Damage to basal ganglia

Slow snake like movements

33
Q

Ataxic Cerebral Palsy

A

Damage to cerebellum

Drunken sailor gait
Fall towards side of lesion

34
Q

Chiari Type I

A

Present in adulthood
Associated with syringomyelia
Herniation of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum

  • Lower cranial nerve issues
35
Q

Chiari Type II

A

Present in infancy/childhood
Associated with spina bifida (meningomyelocele)
Herniation of medulla + cerebellum through the foramen magnum
Associated with hydrocephaly - due to blockage of cerebral aqueduct
Lower cranial nerve issues

36
Q

Dandy Walker Malformation

A

Posterior fossa cyst, continuous with FOURTH ventricle

Hypoplasia of cerebellum, absence of vermis
Can also see GI/Heart problems

37
Q

Hydraanencephaly

A

Absence of cerebral hemispheres, with membranous sacs

- Big heads

38
Q

What is the order of cytodifferentiation of the Cerebrum?

A

Inside –> Out

Ventricular Zone
Preplate

Then axons grow inbetween and give rise to the intermediate zone

39
Q

Where are the 2. neurons formed in the cerebrum cytodifferentiation?

A

Middle of preplate:

Marginal Zone
Cortical Plate
Subplate

40
Q

What does Marginal zone of the preplate correspond to?

A

Lamina I

41
Q

What does the cortical plate correspond to?

A

Lamina 5 and 6

42
Q

Lissencephaly (Agyria)

A

Smooth brain due to failure of neuronal migration weeks 12-24

43
Q

Order of Cerebellum development

ITS ALL NEUROECTODERM! :)

A
  1. Ventricular cells migrate towards Pia matter
  2. External germination center migrates up and around pia
  3. External germ cells migrate back down and in to form the granular layer
44
Q

What tissue are schwann cells, autonomic ganglia, spinal ganglion cells and peripheral sensory neurons derived from?

A

Neural Crest

Neuro I (4 decks)

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