Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ped cardiology board exam > Embrology & Anatomy > Flashcards

Embrology & Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The bulbus cordis gives rise to

A

Proximal bulbus cordis to the RV

Distal bulbus cordis outflow tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The primitive ventricle gives rise to

A

The LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In juxtaposition of the atrial appenange the atrial appendages are _____ of the outflow tracts

This is commonly seen in association with underdeveloped R or L sided strucures

A

To the L of outflow tracts

Believed to be 2/2 to an arrest in development in this early stage after dlooping of the primitive heart tube. Because the development of thr RV lags behind the LV, we commonly see this associated with

Commonly associated with an underdeveloped R side and both outflow tracts arising from the RV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The common atria initally drain to what structure

-bulbous cordis or primtive ventricle

A

AV canal drains into the primitive ventricle
Which is why double inlet left ventricle is thought to be 2/2 an arrest in development at 4-6 weeks of development

The flow going thru the heart at this point is atria, LV, bulbous cord is, outflow tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The truncal aortic sac gives rise to

A

The great arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What normal stage of development causes the AV valve to be positioned over both ventricles and form two distinct AV valves

A

Growth of thr RV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the 1° heart field give rise to?

A

D embryonic ventricle —>lv and atria (appendages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the secondary heart field give his to?

A

Bulbus cordis
Proximal becomes RV
Distal becomes truncoaortic sacs or outflow tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What genetic deletion affects the neural crest cells?

A

22q11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens with abnormal migration of the neural crest cells?

A

Abnormal development of the great arteries

ToF,IAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abnormal looping of the heart results in what abnormality?

A

L-TGAor ccTGA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Abnormalities in the dorsal meserchymal protrusion will lead to?

A

Common AV canal defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The limbus of the fossa oval is can be found in which cardiac chamber

A

RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the eustachian valve and where is it found

A

Entrance of IVC to RA, important structure fetally to direct oxygenated blood Across the ASD to the LA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the thebesian valve and where is it found

A

Opening of the coronary sinus to the ra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A broad based appendage with pectinate muscle extending out is going to be

A

RA appendage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe where pectinate muscle can be found within the LA

A

Confined to the finger like LA appendage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The flap valve of the fossa ovalis is found in which cardiac chamber

A

LA—the two attachments of the septum primum onto the septum secundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A secundum ASD is 2/2 hole in septum …
A primum asd is 2/2 hole in septum…
When a vein overrides the ASD you get

A

Secundum asd-hole in septum primum

2) canal septum
3) sinus venous defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the difference between an overriding vs straddling AV valve?

A

Override—AV valve annulus Empties into both ventricles, normal chordal attachment
Straddling—anomalous chordal attachments to both ventricles

21
Q

What are the other terms for a permemibranous VSD?

A

Peri-membranous
Central
Conoventricular

22
Q

Where does the conduction tissue run along peri-membranous vids?

A

Posterior-inferior rim of VSD

So the surgeon has to be careful below and behind the VSD

23
Q

Where does the conduction system run with an inlet VSD?

A

Posterior or inferior rim

Like PM VSD, surgeon must watch below and beneath defect

24
Q

What type of VSD is found between the Y of the septal band?

A

Outlet or juxtarterial doubly committed or conoseptal hypoplasia VSD
Aortic and pulmonary valve fibrous continuity 2/2 hypoplastic conal/infundibular septum
High risk for RCC prolapse therefore presence of defect is indication for closure

25
Q

In addition to outlet VSD where the infundibular or conal septum is hypoplastic, what additional angle can occur with the conal septal

A

Anterior or posterior malalignment

So hole is in the Y of the septal band and the conus is deviated anteriorly or posteriorly

26
Q

What are the two rules for assigning arteries to ventricles

A

1) ao to mitral fibrous continuity (Nml heart), Ao is assigned to the aorta
2) the 50% rule to determine which ventricle the great artery is more committed to

27
Q

Arch sidedness refers to where the transfer arch crosses what a atomic structure

A

Bronchus

28
Q

When thinking about an aberrant Subclavian artery what is its relation to arch sidedness and the esophagus?

A

Retroesophagel

Aberrant subclavian ARE ALWAYS opposite the side of the arch

29
Q

Where do embryonic arches arise from?

A

Paired pharyngeal arches come front truncoaortic sac and dive posteriorly towards the dorsal aorta
Some arches appear and the regress and a certain combination of them persist

30
Q

What does the 3rd arch give rise to

A

Common carotid artery, bridge that connects the external and internal carotids

31
Q

Which embryonic arch gives rise to THE aortic arch

A

4th arch
On one side connects the carotid to subclavian forming the innominaye artery
On the other side it is THE ARCH

32
Q

What does the 6th embryonic arch give rise to

A

Ductus arteriousus

33
Q

What arch do the branch pas arise from

A

NONE! They grow out from the lungs and toward the truncoaortic sac to join the mpa

34
Q

What arches give rise to the distal subclavian artery

A

None—-peripheral artery that arises from the 7th intersegmental artery and migrates upward to the arch

35
Q

What arch involutes in L aortic arch with aberrant R subclavian

A

R 4th and 6th

Complete involution of R 4th means no R innominate

36
Q

RAA with mirror image branching what side is the duct

A

regression of the L dorsal aorta

You can have either r or l 6th arch persist if L persists the ducts will arise from The base of the L innominate

37
Q

How can a RAA with aberrant L subclavian form a vascular ring

A

If there is either persistence of the L PDA or a ligamentium
How do you know if there is a ligamentium
Fetally it was a Ductus with R to L flow which results in an out pitching at the base of the L subclavian which is also known as a diverticulum of kommerell

38
Q

What is the most common symptomatic vascular ring

A

Double aortic arch

39
Q

What is the second most common type of symptomatic vascular ring

A

RAA with aberrant L and L ligamentium or diverticulum of kommerell noted on mri
Typically not symptomatic, picked up more now bc of fetals
Seen in 22q11Deletion

40
Q

Clues that you have a vascular ring

A

3 Ds—diverticulum —seen @base of anomalous subclavian
Dimple—protrusion seen in double aortic arch
Descending aorta—circumflex aortic arch, or descending aorta on the opposite side of your aortic arch

That is a vascular ring

41
Q

When you have a double aortic arch which arch is the most commonly dominant

A

R

42
Q

If you see an interrupted arch in the setting of an Ao window what type of interruption is it?

A

Type A

After all the head and neck vessels regression of bilateral dorsal aortas

43
Q

What type of arch interruption is most common with Digeorge syndrome? Which extremities will be fully saturated

A

Type B between the L carotid and the L subclavian
The RUE and head and neck will be fully saturated
LUE and b/l lower extremity will be supplied by the descending aorta and therefore be desaturated

44
Q

If you have a neonate that comes in with poor pulse to all four extremities, closing duct, low saturation in all extremities and a normal saturation to the head and neck what is the anatomy

A

Type B interrupted arch with an aberrant R subclavian

Therefore all four extremities are arising from ductus and head and neck and supplied by the native arch

45
Q

At what week (Post menstrual) does looping occur

A

3 weeks

46
Q

The triangle of Koch is defined by what an atomic landmarks

A

OS of the coronary sinus inferiorly
Tendon of todaro Posteriorly
Tv annulus anteriorly

The av node sits within this

47
Q

Describe an arcade mitral valve

A

Abnormally short chordea or direct chordal attachments to papillae muscle

48
Q

A cleft in the mitral leaflet is direct toward the outflow tract NOT the ventricular septum, this is seen more commonly in AVSD or isolated mitral cleft

A

Isolated mitral cleft

Ped cardiology board exam (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions