Embro

Question 1

Truncus arteriosus gives rise to

Answer 1

Ascending aorta

Pulmonary trunk

Question 2

Bulbous cordis gives rise to

Answer 2

Outflow tracts of both ventricles(smooth walled)

Question 3

Primitive atria gives rise to

Answer 3

Trabeculated part of both atria

Question 4

Primitive ventricles gives rise to

Answer 4

Trabeculated part of both ventricles

Question 5

Primitive pulmonary vein gives rise to

Answer 5

Outflow tract of left atria( smooth walled)

Question 6

Right horn of sinus venousus?

Answer 6

Smooth walled part of R/atria

Question 7

Left horn of s venousus?

Answer 7

Coronary sinus

Question 8

R/ common and anterior Cardinal veins

Answer 8

SVC

Question 9

Heart starts working when

Answer 9

4 th week of gestation

Question 10

First organ to function

Answer 10

Heart

Question 11

Cardiac looping

• begins when
• what
• defect in what can cause abnormalities /eg

Answer 11

• week 4
• cardiac tube rotates to get a left right polarity
• R/L Dyenin defect dextrocardia
• eg Kartegeners syndrom

Question 12

Formation of interatrial septum

Answer 12

Ostium primum
Septum primum grows toward endocardial cushions
Closes os primum
Defect in septum primum-os secondum
Septum secondum closes most part of os secondum
Opening left-for amen ovale
Remaining sept primium-valve of foreman ovale

Question 13

Closing of formen ovale

• how
• when

Answer 13

Fusion of septum primum and secondum

At birth with increase LA pressure

Question 14

Patent foremen ovale

• what
• treatment
• complication

Answer 14

Failure to fuse two septa
Usually left untreated
Paradoxical emboli

Question 15

Interventricular septum formation

Answer 15

Muscular septum forms
Aorticopulmonary septim rotates and form membranous septum
Both fuse

Question 16

VSD occurs where commonly

Answer 16

In membranous part

Question 17

Outflow tract formation

Answer 17

TA rotates
Endocardial cells and neural crest cells migrate
Form bulbar and truncal cushions
Fuse spirally and form aorticopulmonary septum

Question 18

Endocardial cushions involve in what structures

Answer 18

Separation of A and V
Atrial septum
Memb ventricular sept

Question 19

Valve development

Answer 19

A/P-endocardial cushion of outflow tract

M/T-endo cushions of AV canal

Question 20

Fetal erythropoesis structures involved with time

Answer 20

Y🍄oung L🍄iver S🍄ynthasises B🍄lood
Yolk sac-3w-8w
Liver-10w -birth
Spleen-6w -28w
Bone marrow-18w-adult

Question 21

Embryonic globins
Fetal HB
Adult HB

Answer 21

Delta €
Alpha2 gamma2
Alpha2 beta 2

Question 22

Difference bw adult and fetal HB

Answer 22

Fetal HB high affinity to O2 as it has low affinity to 2,3BPG
facilitates O2 uptake from maternal HB

Question 23

Fetal circulatotion

• umb vein num
• umb atery num
• O2 saturation in vein and artery
• PO2 in umb vein

Answer 23

1 vein
2 arteries
80% O2 in vein less in artery
30mmhg

Question 24

Important shunts in fetal circulation

Answer 24

Umb v to ductus venousus to IVC(by pass hepatic cir)
IVC to RA to f.ovale to LA/LV to asce aorta
SVC to RV to pull trunk to PDA to desc aorta

Question 25

How are the shunts close at birth

Answer 25

``` Breathing increase O2 pp in plum cir Reduce pulm cir resist Blood goes to pulm cir High pressure in LA Closes f ovale ``` Increase O2 and reduce prostaglandin closes ductus arteriosus

Question 26

What keeps DA open and close

Answer 26

Close Indomethacin | Open by Prostaglandins(P-Patent)PE1 PE2

Question 27

``` Post natal derivatives Allontios D arteriosus D venousus F ovale Notochord Umb arteries Umb vein ```

Answer 27

``` MediaN umb lig Lig ateriosum Lig venosum Fossa ovalis Nucleus pulposus MediaL umb lig Ligamentum teres hepatic in falciform ligament ```

Question 28

Coronary cir main vessels and supply what

Answer 28

LCA 1.LAD-ant LV Any 2/3 interventr sept Anterolateral papillary musc 2.LCX-Lateral and post walls of LV Anterolateral papillary musc ``` RCA 1.R/marginal-ant RV 2.PDA-post ventricles Post 1/3 of IV sept Posterio medial papillary muscle ```

Question 29

SA and AV nodes supplied by | Block in those arteries can cause

Answer 29

RCA | bradycardia and heart blocks

Question 30

What are R/L/Codominant circulation

Answer 30

R domi-RCA gives PDA-85% L domi-LCA 8% Codominant-both -7%

Question 31

CAD mostly affect which artery Coro blood flow peaks when Most posterior part of heart and its engagement causes what

Answer 31

LAD early diastole LA-dysphasia press oesophagus Horseness press LRL nerve branch of vagus