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CPE109 > Embedded Systems > Flashcards

Embedded Systems Flashcards

1
Q

“An embedded system is a system that has embedded software and computer hardware, which makes it a system dedicated for an applications or specific part of an applications or product or a part of a larger system.”

A

Raj Kamal

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2
Q

“An embedded system is any device that includes a programmable computer but not itself intended to be a general purpose computer”.

A

Wayne Wolf

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3
Q

“An embedded system is a microprocessor-based system that is built to control a function or range of functions and is not designed to be programmed by the end user in the same way that a PC is”.

A

Steve Heath

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4
Q

An ____ is composed of software and hardware that designed to perform a specific task.

A

Embedded system

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5
Q

It includes a fetch unit for fetching
instruction from the memory

A

Control Unit (CU)

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6
Q

It performs the arithmetic and logic operations and it represents the fundamental building blocks of the processor.

A

ALU

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7
Q

An performs an operation in bytes or words. It maybe capable of processing 8,16,32,and 64 bit words

A

ALU

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8
Q

Types of Processors

A

General Purpose Processor (GPP)
* Microprocessor
* Microcontroller
* Embedded Processor
* Digital Signal Processor
* Media Processor
Application Specific System Processor (ASSP)
Application Specific Instruction Processors (ASIPs)
GPP core(s) or ASIP core(s) on either an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or a Very Large Scale
Integration (VLSI) circuit.

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9
Q

A _____ is a single VLSI chip having a CPU. In addition, it may also have other units such as coaches, floating point processing arithmetic unit, and pipelining
units that help in faster processing of instructions.

A

microprocessor

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10
Q

A ____ is a single-chip VLSI unit (also called microcomputer) which, although having limited computational capabilities, possesses enhanced input/output
capability and a number of on-chip functional units. It is used in embedded systems for real-time control applications with on-chip program memory and devices.

A

microcontroller

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11
Q

A is a self contained fully functional computer with built in peripherals

A

microcontroller

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12
Q

Advantages of using Microcontrollers

A

-Microcontrollers are cheap and very small in size, therefore they can be embedded on any device.

-Programming of Microcontrollers is simple to learn. Its not much complicated.

-We can use simulators on Computers to see the practical results of our program. Thus we can virtually see the output of our project or program.

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13
Q

Components of Embedded Systems

A

-Hardware
-Application Software
-Real Time Operating System (RTOS)

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14
Q

Types of Embedded Systems

A

-Small scale Embedded Systems
-Medium scale Embedded Systems
-Sophisticated Embedded Systems

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15
Q

Examples of Small scale Embedded Systems

A
  • Washing Machine
  • Digital Camera
  • Home Security System
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16
Q
  • 16 or 32-bit microcontrollers
  • offer both hardware and software complexities.
  • C, C++, Java, and source code engineering tool, etc. are used to develop this kind of embedded system.
A

Medium scale Embedded Systems

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17
Q

Type of Embedded System:
* lots of hardware and software complexities
* Used for cutting –edge applications that need hardware and softwre co-design and componnetns that have to
assemble in the final system

A

Sophisticated Embedded Systems

18
Q

Applications of Embedded System

A
  • automobiles,
  • Telecommunications
  • smart cards
  • Missiles
  • Satellites
  • computer networking
  • digital consumer electronics.
19
Q

Advantages of Embedded Systems

A
  • Covers a wide variety of environments
  • Less likely to encore errors
  • Useful for mass production
  • Highly reliable
  • Reduced cost
  • Small in size
  • Offers an enhanced performance
  • Low power operation
20
Q

Relevant Tools

A

-Embedded language: C, C++,Assembly
-Microcontroller: ATMega328P, ATTiny84
-In-circuit Programmer: Arduino

21
Q

Standards and Engineering Constraints

A
  • Performance
  • Safety
  • Efficiency
  • Security
  • Reliability
  • Usability
  • Robustness
22
Q

Type of Archictecture:
-Single memory to be shared by both code and data
-Processor needs to fetch code in a separate clock cycle and data in another clock cycle. So it requires two clock cycles.
-Higher speed, thus less time consuming.
-Simple in design.

A

Von-Neumann Architecture

23
Q

Type of Architecture
-Separate memories for code data
-Single clock cycle is sufficient, as separate buses are used to access code and data.
-Slower in speed, thus more time-consuming.
-Complex in design.

A

Harvard Architecture

24
Q

It is a computer that can address a large number of instructions.

A

Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)

25
Q

In the early 1980s, computer designers recommended that computers should use fewer instructions with simple constructs so that they can be executed much faster within the CPU without having to use memory.

A

Reduced Instruction Set
Computer or RISC.

26
Q

-Larger set of instructions. Easy to program
-Simpler design of compiler, considering larger set of instructions.
-Many addressing modes causing complex instruction formats.
-Instruction length is variable.
-Higher clock cycles per second.
-Emphasis is on hardware. Control unit implements large instruction set using micro-program unit.
-Slower execution, as instructions are to be read from memory and decoded by the decoder unit.
-Pipelining is not possible

A

CISC

27
Q

-Smaller set of Instructions. Difficult to program.
-Complex design of compiler.
-Few addressing modes, fix instruction format.
-Instruction length varies.
-Low clock cycle per second.
-Emphasis is on software.
-Each instruction is to be executed by hardware.
-Faster execution, as each instruction is to be executed by hardware.
-Pipelining of instructions is possible

A

RISC

28
Q

A consists of −
* Hardware board (Evaluation board)
* In-system programmer
* Some software tools like compiler, assembler, linker, etc.
* Sometimes, an IDE and code size limited evaluation version of a compiler.

A

Microcontroller Starter Kit

29
Q

_____ is a hardware kit or a software program or can be both which emulates the functions of one computer system (the guest) in another computer system (the host), different from the first one, so that the emulated behavior closely resembles the behavior of the real system (the
guest).

A

Emulator

30
Q

______ refers to the ability of a computer program in an electronic device to emulate (imitate) another program or device.

A

Emulation

31
Q

Peripheral Devices in Embedded Systems

A
  • Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI) like RS-232, RS-422, RS-485,
    etc.
  • Synchronous Serial Communication Interface like I2C, SPI, SSC, and
    ESSI
  • Universal Serial Bus (USB)
  • Multi Media Cards (SD Cards, Compact Flash, etc.)
  • Networks like Ethernet, LonWorks, etc.
  • Fieldbuses like CAN-Bus, LIN-Bus, PROFIBUS, etc.
  • Timers like PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units.
  • Discrete IO aka General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO)
  • Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC)
  • Debugging like JTAG, ISP, ICSP, BDM Port, BITP, and DP9 ports
32
Q

Criteria for Choosing Microcontroller

A
  • Speed
  • Packaging
  • Power Consumption
  • Amount of RAM and ROM on the chip.
  • Count of I/O pins and Timers on the chip.
  • Cost per Unit
33
Q

Commonly Used Microcontroller

A

PIC Microcontroller
Arduino
Raspberry Pi

34
Q

PIC devices use a __________ which simply means that Data
memory and Program memory are entirely separate.

A

Harvard architecture

35
Q

____ is an open- source prototyping and is considered as easy-to-use hardware/software programming that aims to students that does not have any background on electronics and programming.

A

Arduino

36
Q

_____ is a credit card sized computer.

A

Raspberry Pi

37
Q

Required peripherals of RasPi

A
  • SD card
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Monitor
38
Q

What is the built-in language of RasPi?

A

Python

39
Q

Language used for Arduino?

A

C Language Syntax

40
Q

Language used for PIC?

A

Assembly Language Programming.

41
Q

PIC is associated with the brand _______?

A

Microchip

CPE109 (5 decks)

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