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Midterm Exam > Embedded System > Flashcards

Embedded System Flashcards

1
Q

It is a system that has embedded software and computer hardware.

A

Embedded System

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2
Q

Enumerate the main components of an embedded system.

A
  • Power Supply
  • Memory
  • Processor
  • Timers
  • Input/Output
  • Circuits
  • Serial Communication Ports
  • SASC (System Application - Specific Circuits)
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3
Q

It is a platform used in an embedded system to perform the operation. It is assembled with a microprocessor/microcontroller.

A

Hardware

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4
Q

Enumerate the four computer languages used for programming in embedded systems.

A
  • Embedded C
  • Embedded C++
  • Embedded JAVA
  • Assembly
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5
Q

Compilers, integrated development environments (IDE), assemblers, simulators, and other programs are used to create codes that “instruct” the hardware to do the assigned job efficiently.

A

Software

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6
Q

What are the four standard organizations?

A
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
  • The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
  • The international Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
  • The international Telecommunication Union (ITU)
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7
Q

(True/False) Embedded Systems has no upgradability limitations.

A

False

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8
Q

(True/False) Embedded Systems are made for general purposes.

A

False

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9
Q

Give 2 examples of Embedded System Constraints

A

Performance and Timing

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10
Q

True/False) Some Embedded Systems may not have access to a main power source.

A

True

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11
Q

These are important ways of protecting consumers.

A

Standards

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12
Q

Purpose-built – usually does one thing very well. May not provide much additional functionality.

A

Range

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13
Q

May not have the option for a wired link. Wireless is the limiting factor.

A

Network

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14
Q

Security features are often an afterthought. Limited integration with existing directory services.

A

Authentication

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15
Q

Give at least 3 parts of Arduino Uno.

A

Microcontroller, Power port, and Reset switch

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16
Q

Give the 8 main characteristics of embedded system.

A
  • Time Specific
  • Minimal User Interface
  • High Efficiency
  • High Reliability
  • Highly Stable
  • Requires Less Power
  • Low Cost
  • Task Specific
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17
Q

What characteristic of embedded system that are built to achieve certain efficiency levels. They are expected to effect and affect in a certain way.

A

High Efficiency

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18
Q

It is an example of time specific embedded system.

A

Car Brake System

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19
Q

A system that may also function within a larger system. The systems can be programmable or have a fixed functionality.

A

Embedded System

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20
Q

What characteristic of embedded system is designed for a specific purpose only?

A

Task Specific

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21
Q

This means designing the device to meet market-driven transient and permanent failure rate.

A

High Reliability

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22
Q

An embedded system is designed in such a way to make it cost-effective, overall the circuit is small since everything is present on a single chip.

A

Low Cost

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23
Q

It is an example of embedded system that has a characteristic of minimal user interface.

A

Washing Machine

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24
Q

Give 5 examples of applications of embedded system.

A
  • Digital cameras
  • Refrigerators
  • Washing machines
  • Microwave ovens
  • Calculators
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25
Q

Is a discipline that relies on the design and implementation of software for embedded systems.

A

Embedded application development

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26
Q

An embedded system is a combination of a ____ module and ____ module.

A

Hardware and Software

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27
Q

A text editor is the first tool you need to begin creating an embedded system.

A

Editor

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28
Q

Source code is written in a high-level programming language.

A

Compiler

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29
Q

The function of this tool is to convert a human-written code into a machine language.

A

Assembler

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30
Q

This is a critical tool for testing. It goes through the code and eliminates bugs and errors, notifying places where they occur.

A

Debugger

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31
Q

Is a replication of the target system with identical functionality and components.

A

Emulator

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32
Q

Is a tool that combines all these pieces together, creating a single executable program.

A

Linker

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33
Q

It is one of the linker tools

A

GNU ID

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34
Q

Give two Examples of Embedded Application Development

A

Digital cameras and Calculators

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35
Q

GIVE 1O EXAMPLES OF EMBEDDED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

A
  • ARM Keil
  • Arduino
  • MATLAB
  • NetBeans
  • Eclipse
  • Visual Studio
  • MPLAB X
  • Qt Creator
  • WebStorm
  • PyCharm
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36
Q

2 types of I/O ports?

A

Serial Port and Parallel Port

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37
Q

Give atleast 5 I/O devices.

A
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Speaker
  • Camera
  • Headphone
  • Printer
  • Monitor
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38
Q

A Device that receive the bytes from external Peripheral?

A

Port

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39
Q

How many pins does a PIC18F458?

A

40 pins

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40
Q

The informations exchange between CPU and Connected devices?

A

Input/Output

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41
Q

In _____________ the data bits are transmitted serially over a common communication link one after the other.

A

Serial Data Transmission

42
Q

Two Classifications of Serial Data Transmission:

A
  • Synchronous Serial Communication
  • Asynchronous Serial Communication
43
Q

In ___________ data flows in a full-duplex mode in the form of blocks or frames.

A

Synchronous Serial Communication

44
Q

In Synchronous Transmission for synchronization external Clock is used.

A

True

45
Q

In ____________ data flows in a half-duplex mode, 1 byte or a character at a time.

A

Asynchronous Serial Communication

46
Q

In Asynchronous Serial Communication, it does not require a clock for synchronization; rather it uses ______ to tell the receiver how to interpret the data.

A

Parity bits

47
Q

These parity bits are known as _________ which control the transfer of data.

A

Start and Stop bits

48
Q

In Asynchronous transmission, there is a gap present between data.

A

True

49
Q

It Is used for high speed of transmission.

A

Synchronous Serial Communication

50
Q

It is used for low speed of transmission.

A

Asynchronous Serial Communication

51
Q

Test II.

A

Draw the Arduino Uno Board.

52
Q

Test III.

A

Write atleast (5) Arduino Code - Applications.

53
Q

A signal to the processor emitted by the hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention.

A

Interrupts

54
Q

What are the 3 main reason why we use interrupts?

A

Low level programming concept, extremely important, irreplaceable

55
Q

An electronic alerting signal sent from the processor from an external device, like a disk controller or an external peripheral.

A

Hardware Interrupts

56
Q

Caused either by an exceptional condition or a special instruction in the instruction set which causes an interrupt when it is executed by the processor.

A

Software Interrupts

57
Q

The state of continuous monitoring.

A

Polling

58
Q

What is the Meaning of ISR?

A

Interrupt Service Routine

59
Q

What are the two types of Interrupt Modules?

A

Level Triggered, Edge Triggered

60
Q

Recall that registers are special, fixed-size variables with hardware implications.

A

Timers

61
Q

It is generated when a timer tries to exceed its maximum value and resets to 0.

A

Overflow Interrupt

62
Q

It is called when the. value of the timer equals a specific value, set. by the user.

A

Compare Match Interrupt

63
Q

What are the 3 Timer Modes?

A

Normal Mode, CTC (Clear Time on Compare) Mode, and PWM (Phase Width Modulation) Mode

64
Q

Timer starts at 0, goes to maximum value and then resets itself.

A

Normal Mode

65
Q

On a compare match we can configure the timer to reset itself to 0.

A

CTC (Clear Time on Compare) Mode

66
Q

The mode in which the timers generate the output signals.

A

PWM (P h ase Width Modulation) Mode

67
Q

What is the meaning of OCR?

A

Output Compare Re gister

68
Q

It is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer.

A

DATA ACQUISITION

69
Q

It is a device, that senses a physical quantity and converts it into an analog quantity which can be measured electrically such as voltage, capacitance, inductance and resistance.

A

SENSOR

70
Q

It is a part of a device or machine that helps it to achieve physical movements by converting energy, often electrical, air, or hydraulic, into mechanical force. Simply put, it is the component in any machine that enables movement.

A

ACTUATOR

71
Q

ENUMERATE THE FIVE COMPONENTS OF DATA ACQUISITION

A

Physical System, Sensors/Transducers, Signal Conditioning, ADC, and Computer

72
Q

ENUMERATE THE TWO TYPES OF ACTUATORS

A

Linear and Rotary

73
Q

GIVE ATLEAST TWO EXAMPLES OF A PHYSICAL SYSTEM (any of these)

A
  • Displacement
  • Level
  • Electric Signals
  • ON/OFF Switch
  • Temperature
  • Pressure
  • Sound
  • Light
  • Force
74
Q

GIVE ATLEAST TWO TYPES OF SENSOR

A

Direct Sensor and Indirect Sensor

75
Q

GIVE ATLEAST TWO TYPES OF COMMON SIGNAL CONDITIONING FUNCTIONS (any of these)

A
  • Amplification
  • Linearization
  • Filtering
  • Isolation
  • Excitation
76
Q

DIFFERENTIATE SENSORS FROM TRANSDUCE

A

a sensor will give an output in the same format and a transducer will convert the measurement into an electrical signal

77
Q

GIVE ATLEAST TWO EXAMPLES OF SENSORS-CONTROL SYSTEM-ACTUATOR APPLICATION

A

Temperature Sensor and Filtering

78
Q

This system developed to perform large scale complex functions. These systems have high hardware and software complexities.

A

Sophisticated or Complex Embedded System

79
Q

Givee at least 3 embeddedsystems are usedin numerousapplicationareas.

A

aerospace,instrument,industrial control,transportation, military, consumerelectronics, andsensornetworks.

80
Q

The potential of reducing the size and cost, increasing the reliability, and improving the performance of control systems.

A

Embedded processors

81
Q

e implemented on microcontrollers or programmable logic controllers (PLC).

A

Embedded control system

82
Q

Provide most of the essential features to implement basic control systems, the programming languages for embedded control software have not evolved as in other software technologies

A

Microcontrollers and programmable logic controllers

83
Q

is growing rapidly due to expanding requirements on the system functionalities.

A

Complexity of control software

84
Q

Give at least 3 main features of the implemented toolkit.

A

visualization of the process dynamics, system stability analysis, control law design, and a user-friendly interface.

85
Q

Enables implementation of complex control algorithms on embedded platforms.

A

Scilab

86
Q

Sample Application for Complex Embedded System.

A

Authentication cryptograph,
wireless connectivity,
wired networking,
touch and gestures control,
motor contro,
power conversion,
low power operation
and graphical displays.

87
Q

Name the 5 techniques for low power operations (5pts)

A

Algorithmic Power Minimization,
Architectural Power Minimization,
Logic and Circuit Level Power Minimization,
Control Logic Power Minimization,
System Level Power Management.

88
Q

the design of the power supply
the design of voltage regulators
V the dimensioning of interconnect
– short term cooling

A

the design of the power supply
– the design of voltage regulators
– the dimensioning of interconnect
– short term cooling

89
Q

Give the 7 practical conditions that are involved in the process. (7pts)

A

Recharging facility
Device size
Duration of operation
Power required by the device
170 device types
Speed of operation

90
Q

Recharging facility
Device size
Duration of operation
Power required by the device
170 device types
Speed of operation

A

Recharging facility
Device size
Duration of operation
Power required by the device
170 device types
Speed of operation

91
Q

It can be attempted at all levels of design hierarchy Algorithm, Architecture, Logic, and device levels.

A

Reduction

92
Q

Give the 5 important issues to be judged for selecting a particular algorithm from alternatives. (5pts)

A
  • Memory Reference
    Presence of cache memory
  • Re-computation vs. Memory Load / Store
  • Compiler optimization technique
  • Number representation
93
Q

Embedded systems refer specifically to small, portable embedded devices, such as cellphones, laptops, and calculators

A

Mobile Embedded Systems

94
Q

Embedded systems rely on wired or wireless networks and communication with web servers for output generation.

A

Networked Embedded Systems

95
Q

Also known as embedded computers, are small-form-factor computers that power specific tasks.

A

Embedded Systems

96
Q

There are four main differentiating factors between an embedded system and a typical workstation or server. They are:

A
  • Purpose
  • Design
  • Cost
  • Human involvement
97
Q

Give 3 Examples of Networked Embedded Systems

A

Home and Office Security Systems, ATM Machine and Point of Sale (POS) Systems

98
Q

Give 3 Examples of Mobile Embedded Systems

A

Smart Phones, Digital Camera and Smart Watch

99
Q

When classifying embedded systems based on performance and functional requirements, embedded systems are divided into categories:

A

Mobile Embedded Systems and Networked Embedded Systems

100
Q

A systems comprise a network of sensors, cameras, alarms, and other embedded devices that gather information about a building’s interior and exterior and use it to alert users to unusual, potentially dangerous disturbances close by.

A

Home and office security systems

101
Q

Application of Embedded Systems

A

Telecommunications, Security Systems, Automotive Industry, Robotics, Medical Fields and Electronics

102
Q

A systems comprise networks of multiple workstations and a server that keeps track of customer transactions, sales revenue, and other customer-related information.

A

Point of Sale (POS) Systems

Midterm Exam (4 decks)

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