Embedded System Flashcards
It is a system that has embedded software and computer hardware.
Embedded System
Enumerate the main components of an embedded system.
- Power Supply
- Memory
- Processor
- Timers
- Input/Output
- Circuits
- Serial Communication Ports
- SASC (System Application - Specific Circuits)
It is a platform used in an embedded system to perform the operation. It is assembled with a microprocessor/microcontroller.
Hardware
Enumerate the four computer languages used for programming in embedded systems.
- Embedded C
- Embedded C++
- Embedded JAVA
- Assembly
Compilers, integrated development environments (IDE), assemblers, simulators, and other programs are used to create codes that “instruct” the hardware to do the assigned job efficiently.
Software
What are the four standard organizations?
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
- The international Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
- The international Telecommunication Union (ITU)
(True/False) Embedded Systems has no upgradability limitations.
False
(True/False) Embedded Systems are made for general purposes.
False
Give 2 examples of Embedded System Constraints
Performance and Timing
True/False) Some Embedded Systems may not have access to a main power source.
True
These are important ways of protecting consumers.
Standards
Purpose-built – usually does one thing very well. May not provide much additional functionality.
Range
May not have the option for a wired link. Wireless is the limiting factor.
Network
Security features are often an afterthought. Limited integration with existing directory services.
Authentication
Give at least 3 parts of Arduino Uno.
Microcontroller, Power port, and Reset switch
Give the 8 main characteristics of embedded system.
- Time Specific
- Minimal User Interface
- High Efficiency
- High Reliability
- Highly Stable
- Requires Less Power
- Low Cost
- Task Specific
What characteristic of embedded system that are built to achieve certain efficiency levels. They are expected to effect and affect in a certain way.
High Efficiency
It is an example of time specific embedded system.
Car Brake System
A system that may also function within a larger system. The systems can be programmable or have a fixed functionality.
Embedded System
What characteristic of embedded system is designed for a specific purpose only?
Task Specific
This means designing the device to meet market-driven transient and permanent failure rate.
High Reliability
An embedded system is designed in such a way to make it cost-effective, overall the circuit is small since everything is present on a single chip.
Low Cost
It is an example of embedded system that has a characteristic of minimal user interface.
Washing Machine
Give 5 examples of applications of embedded system.
- Digital cameras
- Refrigerators
- Washing machines
- Microwave ovens
- Calculators
Is a discipline that relies on the design and implementation of software for embedded systems.
Embedded application development
An embedded system is a combination of a ____ module and ____ module.
Hardware and Software
A text editor is the first tool you need to begin creating an embedded system.
Editor
Source code is written in a high-level programming language.
Compiler
The function of this tool is to convert a human-written code into a machine language.
Assembler
This is a critical tool for testing. It goes through the code and eliminates bugs and errors, notifying places where they occur.
Debugger
Is a replication of the target system with identical functionality and components.
Emulator
Is a tool that combines all these pieces together, creating a single executable program.
Linker
It is one of the linker tools
GNU ID
Give two Examples of Embedded Application Development
Digital cameras and Calculators
GIVE 1O EXAMPLES OF EMBEDDED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
- ARM Keil
- Arduino
- MATLAB
- NetBeans
- Eclipse
- Visual Studio
- MPLAB X
- Qt Creator
- WebStorm
- PyCharm
2 types of I/O ports?
Serial Port and Parallel Port
Give atleast 5 I/O devices.
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Speaker
- Camera
- Headphone
- Printer
- Monitor
A Device that receive the bytes from external Peripheral?
Port
How many pins does a PIC18F458?
40 pins
The informations exchange between CPU and Connected devices?
Input/Output
In _____________ the data bits are transmitted serially over a common communication link one after the other.
Serial Data Transmission
Two Classifications of Serial Data Transmission:
- Synchronous Serial Communication
- Asynchronous Serial Communication
In ___________ data flows in a full-duplex mode in the form of blocks or frames.
Synchronous Serial Communication
In Synchronous Transmission for synchronization external Clock is used.
True
In ____________ data flows in a half-duplex mode, 1 byte or a character at a time.
Asynchronous Serial Communication
In Asynchronous Serial Communication, it does not require a clock for synchronization; rather it uses ______ to tell the receiver how to interpret the data.
Parity bits
These parity bits are known as _________ which control the transfer of data.
Start and Stop bits
In Asynchronous transmission, there is a gap present between data.
True
It Is used for high speed of transmission.
Synchronous Serial Communication
It is used for low speed of transmission.
Asynchronous Serial Communication
Test II.
Draw the Arduino Uno Board.
Test III.
Write atleast (5) Arduino Code - Applications.
A signal to the processor emitted by the hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention.
Interrupts
What are the 3 main reason why we use interrupts?
Low level programming concept, extremely important, irreplaceable
An electronic alerting signal sent from the processor from an external device, like a disk controller or an external peripheral.
Hardware Interrupts
Caused either by an exceptional condition or a special instruction in the instruction set which causes an interrupt when it is executed by the processor.
Software Interrupts
The state of continuous monitoring.
Polling
What is the Meaning of ISR?
Interrupt Service Routine
What are the two types of Interrupt Modules?
Level Triggered, Edge Triggered
Recall that registers are special, fixed-size variables with hardware implications.
Timers
It is generated when a timer tries to exceed its maximum value and resets to 0.
Overflow Interrupt
It is called when the. value of the timer equals a specific value, set. by the user.
Compare Match Interrupt
What are the 3 Timer Modes?
Normal Mode, CTC (Clear Time on Compare) Mode, and PWM (Phase Width Modulation) Mode
Timer starts at 0, goes to maximum value and then resets itself.
Normal Mode
On a compare match we can configure the timer to reset itself to 0.
CTC (Clear Time on Compare) Mode
The mode in which the timers generate the output signals.
PWM (P h ase Width Modulation) Mode
What is the meaning of OCR?
Output Compare Re gister
It is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer.
DATA ACQUISITION
It is a device, that senses a physical quantity and converts it into an analog quantity which can be measured electrically such as voltage, capacitance, inductance and resistance.
SENSOR
It is a part of a device or machine that helps it to achieve physical movements by converting energy, often electrical, air, or hydraulic, into mechanical force. Simply put, it is the component in any machine that enables movement.
ACTUATOR
ENUMERATE THE FIVE COMPONENTS OF DATA ACQUISITION
Physical System, Sensors/Transducers, Signal Conditioning, ADC, and Computer
ENUMERATE THE TWO TYPES OF ACTUATORS
Linear and Rotary
GIVE ATLEAST TWO EXAMPLES OF A PHYSICAL SYSTEM (any of these)
- Displacement
- Level
- Electric Signals
- ON/OFF Switch
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Sound
- Light
- Force
GIVE ATLEAST TWO TYPES OF SENSOR
Direct Sensor and Indirect Sensor
GIVE ATLEAST TWO TYPES OF COMMON SIGNAL CONDITIONING FUNCTIONS (any of these)
- Amplification
- Linearization
- Filtering
- Isolation
- Excitation
DIFFERENTIATE SENSORS FROM TRANSDUCE
a sensor will give an output in the same format and a transducer will convert the measurement into an electrical signal
GIVE ATLEAST TWO EXAMPLES OF SENSORS-CONTROL SYSTEM-ACTUATOR APPLICATION
Temperature Sensor and Filtering
This system developed to perform large scale complex functions. These systems have high hardware and software complexities.
Sophisticated or Complex Embedded System
Givee at least 3 embeddedsystems are usedin numerousapplicationareas.
aerospace,instrument,industrial control,transportation, military, consumerelectronics, andsensornetworks.
The potential of reducing the size and cost, increasing the reliability, and improving the performance of control systems.
Embedded processors
e implemented on microcontrollers or programmable logic controllers (PLC).
Embedded control system
Provide most of the essential features to implement basic control systems, the programming languages for embedded control software have not evolved as in other software technologies
Microcontrollers and programmable logic controllers
is growing rapidly due to expanding requirements on the system functionalities.
Complexity of control software
Give at least 3 main features of the implemented toolkit.
visualization of the process dynamics, system stability analysis, control law design, and a user-friendly interface.
Enables implementation of complex control algorithms on embedded platforms.
Scilab
Sample Application for Complex Embedded System.
Authentication cryptograph,
wireless connectivity,
wired networking,
touch and gestures control,
motor contro,
power conversion,
low power operation
and graphical displays.
Name the 5 techniques for low power operations (5pts)
Algorithmic Power Minimization,
Architectural Power Minimization,
Logic and Circuit Level Power Minimization,
Control Logic Power Minimization,
System Level Power Management.
the design of the power supply
the design of voltage regulators
V the dimensioning of interconnect
– short term cooling
the design of the power supply
– the design of voltage regulators
– the dimensioning of interconnect
– short term cooling
Give the 7 practical conditions that are involved in the process. (7pts)
Recharging facility
Device size
Duration of operation
Power required by the device
170 device types
Speed of operation
Recharging facility
Device size
Duration of operation
Power required by the device
170 device types
Speed of operation
Recharging facility
Device size
Duration of operation
Power required by the device
170 device types
Speed of operation
It can be attempted at all levels of design hierarchy Algorithm, Architecture, Logic, and device levels.
Reduction
Give the 5 important issues to be judged for selecting a particular algorithm from alternatives. (5pts)
- Memory Reference
Presence of cache memory - Re-computation vs. Memory Load / Store
- Compiler optimization technique
- Number representation
Embedded systems refer specifically to small, portable embedded devices, such as cellphones, laptops, and calculators
Mobile Embedded Systems
Embedded systems rely on wired or wireless networks and communication with web servers for output generation.
Networked Embedded Systems
Also known as embedded computers, are small-form-factor computers that power specific tasks.
Embedded Systems
There are four main differentiating factors between an embedded system and a typical workstation or server. They are:
- Purpose
- Design
- Cost
- Human involvement
Give 3 Examples of Networked Embedded Systems
Home and Office Security Systems, ATM Machine and Point of Sale (POS) Systems
Give 3 Examples of Mobile Embedded Systems
Smart Phones, Digital Camera and Smart Watch
When classifying embedded systems based on performance and functional requirements, embedded systems are divided into categories:
Mobile Embedded Systems and Networked Embedded Systems
A systems comprise a network of sensors, cameras, alarms, and other embedded devices that gather information about a building’s interior and exterior and use it to alert users to unusual, potentially dangerous disturbances close by.
Home and office security systems
Application of Embedded Systems
Telecommunications, Security Systems, Automotive Industry, Robotics, Medical Fields and Electronics
A systems comprise networks of multiple workstations and a server that keeps track of customer transactions, sales revenue, and other customer-related information.
Point of Sale (POS) Systems
