eM1 – Principles of hypothesis testing Flashcards

1
Q

What is a research question?

A

Provides the frame for which every component of a research project refers back to - everything read experimented and discussed must link back to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A prediction of what the answer to a research question may be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we test the validity of a hypothesis

A

Carefully chosen statistical tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

A prediction that there is no dependant relationship between two variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an alternative hypothesis?

A

A prediction that there is a specific and reproducible (dependant) relationship between variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why in clinical practice would you prefer a non directional hypothesis?

A

In case you miss an effect from what you’re testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is important to remember about testing the validity of null hypotheses?

A

Can only reject or fail to reject chosen null hypothesis- answer is most likely correct but isn’t 100% conclusive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a p-value?

A

The likelihood that the observed difference was observed by chance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the significance of a p-value?

A

Calculates the probability that the observed results are real - the probability of the results of the study reflecting what would be observed in the population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the alpha (a)-value?

A

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it’s true.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what a-value do most consider the p-value to show a significant difference?

A

p ≤ a = 0.05

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When do we reject the null hypothesis?

A

p ≤ 0.05

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly