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First Aid for EM > EM TRAUMA > Flashcards

EM TRAUMA Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Survey

ABCDEF

A 
Airway (and C-spine)
Breathing and ventilation
Circulation (and Control of hemorrhage)
Disability (neuro status)
Exposure/Environmental control
Foley
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2
Q

Layers of the SCALP

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis (galea)
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium
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3
Q

Cushing reflex

What is it?
Purpose?

A

Hypertension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression in the setting of increased ICP

It is the brain’s attempt to maintain CPP

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4
Q

CPP calculation

A

CPP = MAP - ICP

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5
Q

Signs of basilar skull fracture

A 
Raccoon eyes
Battle's sign (mastoid ecchymosis)
Hemotympanum
Blood/fluid from nose
CN7 palsy
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6
Q

Glasgow coma scale for head injury

A

Mild: 14-15
Moderate: 9-13
Severe: 3-8

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7
Q

Ring Test

A test for?
How’s it done?

A

CSF in blood from nose/ear

Sample of blood placed on filter paper. If present, a large transparent ring will form encircling a clot of blood.

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8
Q

How to lower ICP

HIVED

A 
Hyperventilation (until arterial PCO2 30-35)
Intubation
Ventriculostomy (burr hole)
Elevate head of bed to 30 degree
Diuretics (mannitol, furosemide)
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9
Q

What are the BP and HR associations for the following sites of injury?

BLEEDING
BRAIN
SPINAL CORD

A

BLEEDING: hypotension, tachycardia
BRAIN: hypertension, bradycardia
SPINAL CORD: hypotension, bradycardia

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10
Q

Beck’s triad

What is it?
Diagnosis?

A

Hypotension
JVD
Muffled heart sounds

Cardiac tamponade

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11
Q

Electrical alternans

What is it?
Diagnosis?

A

Alternating heights of R in the QRS complexes

Cardiac tamponade

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12
Q

Signs of compartment syndrome

The 6 P’s

A 
Pain
Pallor
Paresthesias
Pulse deficit
Poikilothermia
Paralysis
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13
Q

Adequate UO

A

Adult: 0.5 mL/kg/h
Adolescent: 1 mL/kg/h
Child: 1.5 mL/kg/h
Infant: 2 mL/kg/h

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14
Q

Systolic BP in Pediatrics

A

SBP=80+2(age in years)

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15
Q

Treatment of delirium

CAST

A

Cocktail (thiamine, glucose, naloxone, oxygen)
Admission
Sedation
Tomography (CT)

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16
Q

Reversible cause of dementia

DEMENTIA

A 
Drugs
Electrolytes disturbances, Eye/Ear problems
Metabolic abnormalities
Emotional problems (psych)
Neoplasm, Nutritional (vitamin deficiency)
Trauma
Infection, Inflammation (lupus)
Alcohol
17
Q

Causes of coma

AEIOU TIPS

A 
Alcohol
Encephalopathy, Endocrine, Electrolytes
Insulin-dependent DM
Opiates, Oxygen deprivation
Uremia
Trauma, Temperature
Infection
Psychosis, Porphyria
Space-occupying lesion, Stroke, SAH, Shock
18
Q

History

AMPLE

A 
Allergies
Medications/Mechanism of injury
PMH/Pregnant
Last meal
Events surrounding the injury

First Aid for EM (3 decks)

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