ELSS

Question 1

what is a drainage basin

Answer 1

area of land drained by river and tributaries

Question 2

inputs of drainage basin

Precipiation

Answer 2

Rain, hail, sleet or snow

Question 3

inputs of drainage basin - water cycle

Condenstation

Answer 3

water vapour turning to liquid

Question 4

store in water basin

Vegatation store

Answer 4

Vegetation cover intercepts precipitation and a store is held on leaves and branches

Question 5

water store

soil moisture/ soil storage

Answer 5

pore spaces between soil particles fill with air and water, amount of pore space varies in different soils - clay 40-60% sand 20-45%

Question 6

water basin store

Groundwater store

Answer 6

water stored underground in permeable porous rocks

Question 7

water basin stores

channel store

Answer 7

volume of water in river channel

Question 8

stores of water basin

stemflow

Answer 8

water flows down stems of plants and trees

Question 9

flows of water basin

infiltration

Answer 9

vertical movement of water into soil.

Question 10

flows of water basin

surface run off

Answer 10

water flowing of surface which cannot infiltrate soil

Question 11

flows of water basin

channel flow

Answer 11

flow of water in rivers

Question 12

flows of water basin

throughFALL

Answer 12

water moving from vegetation to ground

Question 13

throughFLOW

Answer 13

lateral movement of water down a slope into river channel

Question 14

flows in water basin

perculation

Answer 14

downward movement of water into underground stores

Question 15

flows in water basin

groundwater flow

Answer 15

downward and lateral movement of water within saturated rock

Question 16

Evapotranspiration

Answer 16

combined loss of water at the surface through evapouration and transpiration by plants.

Question 17

outputs of water basin

Leakage

Answer 17

loss from groundwater stores

Question 18

outputs of water basin

Run-off

Answer 18

movement of water across the land surface

Question 19

process of carbon cycle

precipitation

Answer 19

CO2 dissovels in rainwater to form weak carbonic acid, rising concentrations of CO2 in atmosphere from anhtropegenic emissions have increased acidity of rainfall and led to increased acidity of ocean surface waters

Question 20

process of carbon cycle

Photosynthesis

Answer 20

Plants create energy from sunlight and CO2 with water to create carbohydrates.

Question 21

process of carbon cycle

seqeustion of carbon - photosynthesis

Answer 21

carbon stores for long periods of time because trees have long lifespan and take long to decompose, vegatation also sequest carbon.

Question 22

process of carbon cycle

respiration

Answer 22

plants and animals release CO2 back in atmosphere, microscopic organisms in soild release CO2 from same process

Question 23

process of carbon cycle

Decomposition

Answer 23

decomposition occurs due to fungi and bacteria returning CO2 to atmosphere. GHG released as by product, other soluble organic compounds released.

Question 24

process of carbon cycle

Combustion

Answer 24

when Fossil fuels burned they contain carbon captured by living organisms, main by-product is CO2

Question 25

process of carbon cycle

Natural sequestion in ocean - inorganic pump

Answer 25

CO2 moves from atmosphere to ocean via diffusion. at lower lattitudes water absorbs CO2. High lattitudes, cold water sinks, carbon transferred deep into ocean. CO2 is in constant exchange between coean and atmposphere are the deep water returns to surface as it warms. vertical circulation is called physical (inorgnic) pump

Question 26

biological (organic pump)

Answer 26

Phytoplankton fix CO2 through photosynthesis. Carbon passes through oceanic food web. carbonate removed by shell building organisms, decay of marine organisms releases carbon back into water - some is trapped in sedimentary rocks.

Question 27

process of carbon cycle

sequestion by plants

Answer 27

Vegetation on land sequesters carbon by the process of photosynthesis

Question 28

process of carbon cycle

weathering

Answer 28

weathering processes break down rocks on earths surface. particles transported to ocean with plant and soil particles are deposited to shore. sediment builds up in layers and shale rock is formed

in ocean dissolved sediment used by organisms to build shells - die and turn into limestone

Question 29

ELSS

anthropogenic

Answer 29

Human kind as driver of climate chnage

Question 30

Ablation

Answer 30

The loss of ice and snow especially from a glacier through melting evapouration and sublimation