ELS - Prelims reviewer

Question 1

The study of the universe

Answer 1

Cosmology

Question 2

How old is the universe?

Answer 2

13.8 billion years old

Question 3

How old is the earth/solar system?

Answer 3

4.5-4.6 billion years old

Question 4

The building block of galaxies

Answer 4

Stars

Question 5

It is born out of clouds of gas and dust in galaxies

Answer 5

Stars

Question 6

Stated that the universe expanded from a tiny, dense & hot mass

Answer 6

Big Bang Theory

Question 7

The perfect cosmological principle

Answer 7

Steady state theory

Question 8

A massive sphere of hot plasma

Answer 8

Sun

Question 9

What does the terrestrial planets include?

Answer 9

Mercury, Venus, Earth, & Mars

Question 10

What does the jovian planets include?

Answer 10

Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn, & Neptune

Question 11

Between Mars and Jupiter

Answer 11

Astroid belt

Question 12

A circumstellar disc in the outer solar system

Answer 12

Kuiper belt

Question 13

Includes all rocks, minerals, and landforms

Answer 13

Geosphere

Question 14

Includes all living things on earth

Answer 14

Biosphere

Question 15

All water on earth

Answer 15

Hydrosphere

Question 16

Layer of gasses surrounding earth

Answer 16

Atmosphere

Question 17

Earth’s outer most layer

Answer 17

Crust

Question 18

Made of molten iron and minerals that flows under pressure

Answer 18

Mantle

Question 19

Layer of the earth that is liquid

Answer 19

Outer core

Question 20

Center of the earth

Answer 20

Inner core

Question 21

Naturally occuring, inorganic, solid, chemical composition

Answer 21

Minerals

Question 22

The study of minerals

Answer 22

Mineralogy

Question 23

Result of impurities & geological processes like weathering

Answer 23

Color

Question 24

Color in powdered form

Answer 24

Streak

Question 25

Resistance to scratch

Answer 25

Hardness

Question 26

Line of weakness

Answer 26

Cleavage

Question 27

Unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal

Answer 27

Crystalline structure

Question 28

Allows light to pass through

Answer 28

Diaphaneity

Question 29

Light is reflected off a surface

Answer 29

Luster

Question 30

Reaction to stress/force

Answer 30

Tenacity

Question 31

Made from hardening & crystallization of magma

Answer 31

Igneous rocks

Question 32

Formed from pre-existing or pieces of once living organisms

Answer 32

Sedimentary rocks

Question 33

From pre-existing rocks, modified by heat, pressure, & chemical processes

Answer 33

Metamorphic rocks

Question 34

Breaking down of rocks

Answer 34

Weathering

Question 35

Transportation of rocks

Answer 35

Erosion

Question 36

Movement of sediments downslope

Answer 36

Mass Wasting

Question 37

Weathered materials settle down in a particular location

Answer 37

Deposition

Question 38

Associated with energy originated in the interior solid earth

Answer 38

Endogenic processes

Question 39

Plays a vital role in our planet

Answer 39

Heat energy

Question 40

Internal heat energy accumulated

Answer 40

Primordial heat

Question 41

Thermal energy released, result of nuclear disintegration of natural

Answer 41

Radiogenic heat

Question 42

Heat Transfer through solids

Answer 42

Conduction

Question 43

Thermal condition in the zones where large quantities of molten rocks exists

Answer 43

Convection

Question 44

Heat exchange between sun and earth

Answer 44

Radiation