els 1 v3 Flashcards
Writ
- A writ was a document with a royal seal that constituted a royal demand for the defendant to appear before the Court. |- The writ also contained the foundation of the complaint and a different form of writ was used for each ground of complaint (or ‘form
A real action
an action in the common law courts for the recovery of land.
Personal Action
an action for which the remedy was damages.
King’s Court
- Centralised body co-existent with local courts.|- Jurisdiction limited to disputes that affected King’s personal power|- Eventually taken over by clerics who established themselves at Westminster
Common Law - Distinguishing in Different Contexts
- In the historical sense, to distinguish the law as applied by the King’s judges as opposed to the law as applied by the local customary court;|2. To distinguish the law as applied by the King’s Courts as opposed to the rules of Equity, a system developed by the separate Court of Chancery;|3. To distinguish the whole of case law - that is, law as developed through the system of precedent - as opposed to statute law; and|4. To identify the law as applied by common law countries (such as Commonwealth jurisdictions to which the English legal system was exported) as opposed to the law as applied by civil law countries where the law is based on Roman law (as applied, for instance, in most of mainland Europe).
Personal action - Debt
an action for a fixed sum of money in return for an executed consideration (signed undertaking).
Personal Action - Detinue
a claim for the return of a specific chattel wrongfully retained (with the option of damages in lieu).
Personal Action - Covenant
an action for damages resulting from breach of a man’s promise under seal (by deed). No consideration was necessary. The concept of the covenant (a promise contained in a deed) remains of significance in the law today
Personal Action - Account
Today this is generally a procedural rather than a substantive remedy. It was used to compel a party to account to the claimant for money received on the claimant’s behalf, e.g. a bailiff who received rent on behalf of the claimant
Personal Action - Trespass against:|(a) The person|(b) Goods|(c) Land
Trespass only extended to direct physical damage, not damage indirectly caused or against intangible rights such as reputation.
Personal Action - Case
this was used to provide a remedy when none was provided by a known action. Most of the modern law of tort has developed from actions on the case: nuisance, malicious falsehood, inducing breach of contract, libel, slander, deceit and negligence.
Equity Can be Defined as
as the body of principles and rules administered by the Court of Chancery before the Judicature Acts 1873-1875
Equity has been described by Maitland
as ‘a gloss on the common law’. This meant that equity cannot stand alone as a separate and complete legal system.
Equity of Redemption
The right in equity which a mortgagor or chargor has on full repayment of the secured debt, to recover the assets which are subject to the mortgage or charge.
Equitable Remedy - Injunction
This an order of the court compelling or restraining the performance of some act.