Elohist (2012/07)- The Sacrifices in the Old Testament

Question 1

Who were the only ones who really knew the sacrifice ceremonies, which were conducted in the sanctuary in the Old Testament, in detail? Why?

Answer 1

Only the priests, because the sacrifice ceremonies were so difficult, complicated and were similar or overlapped that it was not easy to tell the difference.

(2012/07- pg. 28)

Question 2

What were the three types of offerings of the Old Testament?

Answer 2

1) Sin Offering
2) Guilt Offering
3) Fellowship Offering

(2012/07- pg. 28)

Question 3

What is the purpose of the sin offering in the Old Testament?

Answer 3

It was a sacrifice offered to achieve atonement for an unintentional sin.

~ The sin of the whole community of Israel
~ The sin of the high priest
~ The sin of an individual

(2012/07- pp. 28-29)

Question 4

What was sacrificed for the sin of the priest?

Answer 4

A young bull
(Lev. 4:3-12)

(2012/07- pg. 28)

Question 5

What was sacrificed for the sin of the community of Israel?

Answer 5

A young bull
(Lev. 4:13-26)

(2012/07- pg. 28)

Question 6

What was required to be sacrificed for the sin of the individual?

Answer 6

A female goat without defect
(Lev. 4:27-35)

(2012/07- pp. 28-29)

Question 7

On which day were all of the sins in which the Israelites committed for the past year, including the sin of the high priest, atoned for? What animals were used?

Answer 7

The Day of Atonement (7/10)
~ a goat and a bull
(Lev. 16:11-19)

(2012/07- pg. 29)

Question 8

What is the reality of the Old Testament sin offering in the New Testament?

Answer 8

Jesus’ blood shed on the cross as the true sin offering to atone the sins of people. (Heb. 9:11-12)

(2012/07- pg. 29)

Question 9

“ ‘If the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt on the people, he must bring to the Lord a young bull without defect as a sin offering for the sin he has committed. He is to present the bull at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting before the Lord. He is to lay his hand on its head and slaughter it before the Lord. Then the anointed priest shall take some of the bull’s blood and carry it into the Tent of Meeting. He is to dip his finger into the blood and sprinkle some of it seven times before the Lord, in front of the curtain of the sanctuary. The priest shall then put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense that is before the Lord in the Tent of Meeting. The rest of the bull’s blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. He shall remove all the fat from the bull of the sin offering—the fat that covers the inner parts or is connected to them, both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the covering of the liver, which he will remove with the kidneys— just as the fat is removed from the ox sacrificed as a fellowship offering. Then the priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering. But the hide of the bull and all its flesh, as well as the head and legs, the inner parts and offal— that is, all the rest of the bull—he must take outside the camp to a place ceremonially clean, where the ashes are thrown, and burn it in a wood fire on the ash heap.

Answer 9

(Leviticus 4:3-12 NIV84)

Sacrifice for the anointed priest (high priest)

(2012/07- pg. 28)

Question 10

“ ‘If the whole Israelite community sins unintentionally and does what is forbidden in any of the Lord’s commands, even though the community is unaware of the matter, they are guilty. When they become aware of the sin they committed, the assembly must bring a young bull as a sin offering and present it before the Tent of Meeting. The elders of the community are to lay their hands on the bull’s head before the Lord, and the bull shall be slaughtered before the Lord. Then the anointed priest is to take some of the bull’s blood into the Tent of Meeting. He shall dip his finger into the blood and sprinkle it before the Lord seven times in front of the curtain. He is to put some of the blood on the horns of the altar that is before the Lord in the Tent of Meeting. The rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting. He shall remove all the fat from it and burn it on the altar, and do with this bull just as he did with the bull for the sin offering. In this way the priest will make atonement for them, and they will be forgiven. Then he shall take the bull outside the camp and burn it as he burned the first bull. This is the sin offering for the community.

“ ‘When a leader sins unintentionally and does what is forbidden in any of the commands of the Lord his God, he is guilty. When he is made aware of the sin he committed, he must bring as his offering a male goat without defect. He is to lay his hand on the goat’s head and slaughter it at the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered before the Lord. It is a sin offering. Then the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar. He shall burn all the fat on the altar as he burned the fat of the fellowship offering. In this way the priest will make atonement for the man’s sin, and he will be forgiven. (Leviticus 4:13-26 NIV84)

Answer 10

(Leviticus 4:13-26 NIV84)

~ Sin offering
Atonement for the unintentional sins of the Israelite community

Question 11

What was sacrificed for the sin of the a leader?

Answer 11

A male goat without defect

Lev. 4:22-26

Question 12

When Christ came as high priest of the good things that are already here, he went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not man‑made, that is to say, not a part of this creation. He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but he entered the Most Holy Place once for all by his own blood, having obtained eternal redemption.

Answer 12

(Hebrews 9:11, 12 NIV84)

~ Sin offering
Jesus is the reality of the Old Testament sin offerings

(2012/07- pg. 29)

Question 13

“Aaron shall bring the bull for his own sin offering to make atonement for himself and his household, and he is to slaughter the bull for his own sin offering. He is to take a censer full of burning coals from the altar before the Lord and two handfuls of finely ground fragrant incense and take them behind the curtain. He is to put the incense on the fire before the Lord, and the smoke of the incense will conceal the atonement cover above the Testimony, so that he will not die. He is to take some of the bull’s blood and with his finger sprinkle it on the front of the atonement cover; then he shall sprinkle some of it with his finger seven times before the atonement cover.

“He shall then slaughter the goat for the sin offering for the people and take its blood behind the curtain and do with it as he did with the bull’s blood: He shall sprinkle it on the atonement cover and in front of it. In this way he will make atonement for the Most Holy Place because of the uncleanness and rebellion of the Israelites, whatever their sins have been. He is to do the same for the Tent of Meeting, which is among them in the midst of their uncleanness. No one is to be in the Tent of Meeting from the time Aaron goes in to make atonement in the Most Holy Place until he comes out, having made atonement for himself, his household and the whole community of Israel.

“Then he shall come out to the altar that is before the Lord and make atonement for it. He shall take some of the bull’s blood and some of the goat’s blood and put it on all the horns of the altar. He shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times to cleanse it and to consecrate it from the uncleanness of the Israelites.

Answer 13

(Leviticus 16:11-19 NIV84)

~ Sin offering
Day of Atonement

(2012/07- pg. 29)

Question 14

What was the purpose of the guilt offering in the Old Testament?

Answer 14

“It was a sacrifice offered to achieve the forgiveness of a sin or to be forgiven of a sin that one committed by violating God’s law unknowingly regarding a holy thing or ownership.”

(2012/07- pg. 29)

Question 15

What used for the guilt offering of the Old Testament?

Answer 15

~ A female lamb or goat was offered for a person.

However, if it was financially difficult for them, they offered:

~ Two doves or two young pigeons.

When the could not even afford this, they offered:

~ A tenth of an ephah of fine flour as an offering.”

(2012/07- pg. 29)

*Ephah- 10 omers = 3/5 bushel = 22 liters (Dry Measure Capacity)

Question 16

What was the purpose of the fellowship offering in the Old Testament?

Answer 16

“It was a sacrifice offered to give thanks to God for forgiving a sin…”
Offered when they wanted to give thanks to God for:

~ His grace
~ Made a wish
~ A vow
~ Voluntary offering.

(2012/07- pg. 29)

Question 17

What particular offerings belong to the fellowship offering?

Answer 17

~ Thank offering
~ Freewill offering
~ Vow offering

(2012/07- pg. 29)

Question 18

What is the reality of the Old Testament fellowship offering seen in the New Testament?

Answer 18

“In the New Testament times, Jesus became a fellowship offering which made a peaceful relationship between God and us.” (Ro 5:10)

(2012/07- pg. 29)

Question 19

For if, when we were God’s enemies, we were reconciled to him through the death of his Son, how much more, having been reconciled, shall we be saved through his life!

Answer 19

(Romans 5:10 NIV84)

~ Fellowship offering
Jesus is the reality of the fellowship offering.

(2012/07- pg. 29)

Question 20

What does “olah” mean?

Answer 20

“A ‘burnt offering’ is ‘olah’ in Hebrew, which means ‘to cause to ascend along with the smoke to God.’ It is to offer a sacrifice to God by burning animals.”

(2012/07- pg. 30)

Question 21

Of the three forms of offerings, which offering did the Israelites use the most?

Answer 21

The burnt offering

2012/07- pg. 30

Question 22

How often was a burnt offering made?

Answer 22

“A burnt offering was offered at every regular burnt offering, the Sabbath day and the feasts.”

(2012/07- pg. 30)

Question 23

What was used to make a burnt offering?

Answer 23

When an individual or a group gave a sacrifice…” they offered:

~ Sheep, goats or bulls

But if anybody was too poor to offer these animals, he offered:

~ Doves or pigeons

“Generally, a burnt offering was offered along with grain offering and drink offering.”

(2012/07- pg. 30)

Question 24

What were the three forms of offering mentioned?

Answer 24

~ Burnt offering
~ Grain offering
~ Drink offering

(2012/07- pg. 30)

Question 25

Why was the burnt offering made?

Answer 25

“A burnt offering was offered for an individual or a group to receive the forgiveness of sins and mercy from God’s anger through the aroma of the burnt offering.”

(2012/07- pg. 30)

Question 26

What was the burnt offering a shadow of?

Answer 26

“A burnt offering was a shadow which showed that Christ would be sacrificed as a sacrificial offering, carrying the sins of His people so that they would receive mercy from God’s anger and the forgiveness of sins. Through the sacrifices carried out for the forgiveness of sins in the earthly sanctuary in the Old Testament times, God showed the true sacrifice carried out in the heavenly sanctuary.”

(2012/07- pg. 30)

Question 27

How was a grain offering made?

Answer 27

It was a sacrifice by burning:

~ Flour, oil, and incense
or
~ Making bread

“It was not offered alone, but along with other kinds of offering such as the burnt offering.”

(2012/07- pg. 30)

Question 28

Why was the grain offering made?

Answer 28

“It was offered to promise a pure life to God.”

2012/07- pg. 30

Question 29

What was a drink offering?

Answer 29

“It was a sacrifice offered with a quarter of a hin of wine”

2012/07- pg. 30

Question 30

What is a “hin”?

Answer 30

”* Hin: An Egyptian word meaning “jar,” which is used as a liquid unit for measuring olive oil or wine. One hin is equal to 3.66 liters.”

(Lev. 23:13), (Ex. 29:40)

(2012/07- pg. 30-31)

[3.66 L = about 1 Gal]

Question 31

…together with its grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil—an offering made to the Lord by fire, a pleasing aroma—and its drink offering of a quarter of a hin of wine.

Answer 31

(Leviticus 23:13 NIV84)

~ Drink offering
~ Offer by fire

(2012/07- pg. 30, 31)

Question 32

With the first lamb offer a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of oil from pressed olives, and a quarter of a hin of wine as a drink offering.

Answer 32

(Exodus 29:40 NIV84)

2012/07- pg. 30-31

Question 33

What are the ways to present offerings in the Old Testament?

Answer 33

~ Offering by fire
~ Heave offering
~ Wave offering

(2012/07- pg. 31)

Question 34

What was an offering by fire?

Answer 34

“It was a sacrifice offered by fire. A burnt offering or a grain offering was offered by fire.”

(Lev 23:27), (Lev 23:13)

(2012/07- pg. 31)

Question 35

“The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. Hold a sacred assembly and deny yourselves, and present an offering made to the Lord by fire.

Answer 35

(Leviticus 23:27 NIV84)

~ Offering by fire

(2012/07- pg. 31)

Question 36

What was a heave offering in the Old Testament?

Answer 36

“It was a sacrifice offered by lifting up an offering above the burning altar.”

KJV (Lev. 7:14, Nu 15:19-21)

(2012/07- pg. 31)

Question 37

What did a heave offering mean in the Old Testament?

Answer 37

“It meant that the offering was offered to God first and then the priest received it from God.”

(2012/07- pg. 31)

Question 38

What was a wave offering in the Old Testament?

Answer 38

“It was a sacrifice by waving offerings.
On the Feast of Firstfruits, a priest waved a sheaf of the first grain.”

(Lev 23:11)

(2012/07- pg. 31)

Question 39

He is to wave the sheaf before the Lord so it will be accepted on your behalf; the priest is to wave it on the day after the Sabbath.

Answer 39

(Leviticus 23:11 NIV84)

~ Wave offering

(2012/07- pg. 31)

Question 40

“ ‘If a member of the community sins unintentionally and does what is forbidden in any of the Lord’s commands, he is guilty. When he is made aware of the sin he committed, he must bring as his offering for the sin he committed a female goat without defect. He is to lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it at the place of the burnt offering. Then the priest is to take some of the blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar. He shall remove all the fat, just as the fat is removed from the fellowship offering, and the priest shall burn it on the altar as an aroma pleasing to the Lord. In this way the priest will make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.

“ ‘If he brings a lamb as his sin offering, he is to bring a female without defect. He is to lay his hand on its head and slaughter it for a sin offering at the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered. Then the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar. He shall remove all the fat, just as the fat is removed from the lamb of the fellowship offering, and the priest shall burn it on the altar on top of the offerings made to the Lord by fire. In this way the priest will make atonement for him for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven.

Answer 40

(Leviticus 4:27-35 NIV84)

~ Sin offering
Atonement for the sin of an individual

(2012/07- pg. 28)