Elizebethan England Flashcards
What education did poor children receive in Elizabethan England?
Poor children had no formal education, worked on farms or in the home, and often remained illiterate, focusing on survival skills like farming or domestic work.
How were well-off boys educated in Elizabethan England?
Boys attended Petty Schools (ages 5-7) for reading, writing, and arithmetic, then Grammar Schools (ages 7-14) for Latin, Greek, history, and philosophy, preparing for roles in the church or government.
How were well-off girls educated in Elizabethan England?
Girls were educated at home in music, dancing, needlework, and horse riding, preparing them for marriage and domestic roles, as they were not allowed in schools
What education did noble children receive in Elizabethan England?
Noble boys had private tutors; some attended Oxford or Cambridge (ages 14-15) to train as lawyers or clergy, while girls were taught social skills for marriage, like etiquette and household management
Why did some see Elizabeth as an illegitimate queen?
Her father, Henry VIII, divorced Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn, making some Catholics question her right to the throne, as they viewed the divorce as invalid.
What gender-related issues did Elizabeth face in 1558?
Women were seen as inferior, and many felt a queen should marry to secure the throne, pressuring Elizabeth to find a husband to strengthen her rule and produce an heir.
What religious problems did Elizabeth face in 1558?
England was divided between Catholics and Protestants after Henry VIII’s break with Rome in 1534, with Mary I’s Catholic reign causing further tension through her persecution of Protestants
What foreign threats did Elizabeth face in 1558?
France and Spain, both Catholic powers, posed a threat; England was weaker militarily, France controlled Scotland through Mary of Guise, and Spain sought to restore Catholicism in England.
What was the plan of the Ridolfi Plot in 1571?
Italian banker Roberto Ridolfi planned to murder Elizabeth, with the Duke of Norfolk marrying Mary, Queen of Scots, to take the throne, supported by 10,000 Spanish troops under the Duke of Alba
What was the outcome of the Ridolfi Plot?
Robert Cecil intercepted letters; Norfolk was executed in June 1572, but Mary was spared, though her involvement increased suspicion and led to the 1571 Treason Act against Catholics.
What was the Throckmorton Plot in 1583?
Francis Throckmorton planned for the Duke of Guise, Mary’s cousin, to invade with Spanish support and overthrow Elizabeth, placing Mary on the throne, funded by the Pope and Philip II.
What was the outcome of the Throckmorton Plot?
Throckmorton was caught in November 1583, tortured, and executed in May 1584, leading to harsher anti-Catholic laws like the 1585 Act Against Jesuits, banning Catholic priests.
What was the Babington Plot in 1586?
Anthony Babington planned to assassinate Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne, with support from Spain, the Pope, and Catholic nobles, aiming to restore Catholicism
What was the outcome of the Babington Plot?
Walsingham intercepted letters in July 1586, proving Mary’s involvement; Babington was executed in September 1586, Mary was executed in February 1587, and 31 priests were executed in 1587.
What religious reason caused the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
The Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland were Catholic and wanted to restore Catholicism, opposing Elizabeth’s Protestant settlement of 1559, which made the Church of England official.
What was the political aim of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
They wanted to overthrow Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne, believing she would restore Catholic rule, as Mary had arrived in England in 1568.
What power-related issue drove the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
The Earls felt Elizabeth’s government, led by Protestant nobles like William Cecil, reduced their influence in the north, diminishing their traditional power and land control.
What were the key events of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
In November 1569, the Earls raised an army of 4,600, took Durham, held a Catholic mass, and captured York, but were defeated by Elizabeth’s forces; 800 rebels were executed by November 1570.
What was the significance of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
It ended the power of the northern earls, led to harsher treatment of Catholics, prompted Pope Pius V to excommunicate Elizabeth in 1570, and increased support for future Catholic plots
What was the purpose of Drake’s circumnavigation in 1577-80?
Francis Drake set sail on December 13, 1577, to raid Spanish colonies for treasure, disrupt their trade in the Pacific, and challenge Spanish dominance in the New World, with Elizabeth’s secret approval.
What happened during Drake’s circumnavigation?
Four ships were lost, but Drake returned on September 26, 1580, with 56 men and £500,000 in treasure, having raided Spanish ports like Valparaiso and claimed California for England, naming it Nova Albion.
What happened during Drake’s circumnavigation?
Four ships were lost, but Drake returned on September 26, 1580, with 56 men and £500,000 in treasure, having raided Spanish ports like Valparaiso and claimed California for England, naming it Nova Albion.
Why was Drake’s circumnavigation significant?
It made Drake rich and famous, boosted English morale, improved relations with Native Americans in California, but damaged relations with Spain, contributing to the 1588 Spanish Armada, and Elizabeth knighted Drake in 1581.
