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Gcse History Elizabethethan England Flashcsrds > Elizabeths Goverment > Flashcards

Elizabeths Goverment Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Elizabeth’s court

A

The court was a body of people who lived in or near the same place as the queen.
Made up of the members of the nobility- the monarchs key servants advisors and friends

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2
Q

What were the roles of the court

A

To entertain and advise the monarch
A public display of wealth and power and

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3
Q

What is the privy council

A

Made up of the leading courtiers, nobles and advisors.
There were 19 men of the privy council chosen by Elizabeth
Met three times a week- meetings were often attended by the monarch

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4
Q

Role of the privy council

A

1.)To debate current issues and advise the monarch on goverment policies
2.)Confirmed monarchs final decisions are carried out
3.) oversaw law and order the local government and the security of England
4.) Monitored justices of the peace
5.)monitored parliament

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5
Q

What is parliament

A

Made up of the House of Lords (bishops) and the House of Commons
It could only be called and dismissed by the monarch
Elizabeth called park 10 times during her reign

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6
Q

Role of the parliament

A

Passed laws
Offered advice to the monarch
To grant extraordinary taxation-easing money for tax
Introduce new laws

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7
Q

What is the lords lieutenant

A

Each county had a lord lieutenant chosen by the monarch
Members of the nobility and were often also on the privy council

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8
Q

Roles of the lord lietenant

A

In charge of raising and training local military and overseeing countries defence
Part of the local government
Oversaw the enforcement of policies

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9
Q

Why was religion a problem for Elizabeth

A
  1. Elizabeth’s father had broken from the Catholic Church to obtain a divorce.
    2.) when Mary gained the throne, she tried to establish Catholicism, so England became a catholic country
    3.) Elizabeth was a Protestant so when she took the throne, England became a Protestant country again, however she allowed catholics to practice their faith privately
    4.) many catholics remained unhappy because they didn’t see her as a true heir to the throne
    5.) the growing popularity of Puritanism ( an extreme form of Protestantism was seen as a threat.
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10
Q

Why was Ireland a problem for Elizabeth

A

Elizabeth considered herself to be queen of Ireland. However many Irish disagreed
A revolt happened in Northern Ireland in 1559.
She spent thousands of pounds to limit Irish rebellions

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11
Q

Why was succession a problem for Elizabeth

A

Without a direct heir the Tudor reign would end at Elizabeth.
Parliament and her nobles were keen for her to marry and produce an heir

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12
Q

Why was Mary queen of Scot’s a problem

A

In 1568, Mary was exiled from Scotland to England and became a threat to Elizabeth’s rule.
The catholics now had a queen to fight for

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13
Q

Why was taxation a problem in Elizabethan England

A

The government needed money and taxes was an important and beneficial way to gain them.
However at a time of poverty, this would have enraged many civilians in England so this wasn’t an option

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14
Q

Why was foreign policy a problem for Elizabeth

A

Elizabeth needed to deal with powerful countries like France and Spain that wanted control over England.
Both these countries had the support of the pope and saw England a threat because they were catholic.

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15
Q

When did Elizabeth come to the throne

A

In 1558, aged 25

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16
Q

Who was William Cecil

A

1520-98
Cecil served as Secretary of State and member of parliament.
Elizabeth’s most trusted advisor ( the queen would listen to no one but Cecil
He encouraged Elizabeth to take control of catholic rivals in Ireland
He played a key role in developing the poor laws and religious policies
A rival to Robert Dudley
A moderate Protestant

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17
Q

What is patronage

A

The act of giving titles power and rewards to gain an individuals support
Elizabeth ensured loyalty through this
.Competition made people loyal to the queen
Allowed Elizabeth to remain at the heart of politics and control

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18
Q

Who was Francis walsingham

A

1532-1590
Served as Secretary of State
Known as ‘Elizabeth’s spymaster. ( ‘eyes and ears everywhere
Helped establish England as a powerful force at sea and took the lead in dealing with Spain France and the Netherlands.
Played a role in the execution of Mary queen of Scot’s

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19
Q

What were progresses

A

Royal tour visits to the homes of the nobility
Allowed Elizabeth to be seen in public- reflects her popularity
Acted as a reward for the nobility that acted as hosts
The home had many visitors
Had to be a large home and pleasing

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20
Q

Who was Robert Dudley

A

Radical puritan
Suspected of having a romantic relationship with Elizabeth
A trusted advisor
Did not get on well with William Cecil ( giving rival advise to the queen)

21
Q

Where did Elizabeth live

A

Whitehall palace

22
Q

How did Elizabeth control parliament

A

Parliament could only meet if Elizabeth called it Parliment could only talk about what Elizabeth wanted to discuss
Elizabeth could close parliment
Privy councillors sat in parliament to control proceedings

23
Q

Why were monopolies a problem

A

.Gave individual nobles and merchants sole right to sell and produce certain goods
Due to one person controlling the supply of an item, prices rose

24
Q

How did Elizabeth control the privy council

A

She limited the council to only 19 members- only 8/9 met regularly
She appointed councillors with different veiewpoints to create rivalries
She used flattery to gain back control

25
Q

Who were Elizabeth’s suitors

A

Robert Dudley
Francis Duke of alencon (France)
King Philip of Spain

26
Q

Why could Francis Duke of a non marry Elizabeth

A

.french kings brother
.marriage could lead to influence in France .

27
Q

Why was the idea of marrying Francis Duke of anjou a problem

A

The idea of marrying the French kings brother was when Elizabeth was 46- a time when she couldn’t give birth
This meant that if she died without an English heir, England would fall under French control.

Francis was a catholic

28
Q

Who was Philip a potential husband for Elizabeth

A

King of Spain, one of the most powerful men in the would.
Spain’s control over recourses made Spain very wealthy.

29
Q

Why was Philip marrying Elizabeth a problem

A

He was a catholic, Elizabeth was a Protestant

30
Q

Why did Elizabeth choose not to marry

A

People and historians believed it was her duty to her country. I am married to England.
Elizabeth hated the idea of marriage, linking back to her father and his marriages ending in her mother’s death.
The power of the husband over queen Elizabeth would be too risky

31
Q

Who was the earl of Essex

A

Robert devereux- born in 1566 and inherited hid title in 1573

32
Q

How did the earl of Essex’s relationship with the queen start

A

.He was a respected member of the royal court
.Was introduced to the queen in 1587
And in 1595, was made a privy councillor
.Elizabeth also gave him the monopoly of sweet wine, which gave Essex a lot of money

33
Q

Why did Essex and Elizabeth quarrel in 1598

A

Essex and Elizabeth argued during a privy council meeting about Ireland.
Elizabeth slapped him and Essex nearly drew out his sword
He was placed under house arrest

34
Q

Describe what happens with Essex in Ireland

A

Jan 1599, Elizabeth made Essex lord lieutenant of Ireland
Essex was reluctant to go, fearing that Cecil will be more powerful while he was away
He failed to crush Irish rebellion and knighted some of his army leaders in Ireland, going against queens orders

35
Q

Why did Essex plan the rebellion

A

His position was lost after failing to defeat Ireland
Influence lost after walking into Elizabeth’s private quarters without a wig
Lost his wealth after ekizabehr did not Renew his wine monopoly
So he wanted to remove his rival Robert Cecil from power

36
Q

When did the Essex rebellion start

A

He began to gather supporters in February 1601-
He took four of the queens privy councillors hostage with 200 followers

37
Q

How did the queen and Cecil respond

A

Robert Cecil labelled Essex a traitor and many rebels abandoned his march
Essex and the rest of his supporters were arrested

38
Q

When was Essex executed

A

25th February 1601- he was executed in private under the queens orders

39
Q

Why did plots against Elizabeth fail- spies

A

the network of spies lead by Francis walsingham meant very few plots ever got beyond earliest stages

40
Q

Why did religious settlement increase plot failure

A

Elizabeth’s religious settlement meant that catholics could tolerate Elizabeth
Decreasing chance of a plot against the Protestant Elizabeth

41
Q

Why did plots against Elizabeth fail- skilled politician

A

Elizabeth dealt with difficult relationships like parliament and the catholics very well.
This decreased the chances of plots happening because of her negotiation and power

42
Q

Why did plots against Elizabeth fail-punishments

A

Elizabeth took swift action against traitors. Rebels were tortured and put to death.
For those who challenged Elizabeth the consequences were plain to see and were scared

43
Q

Who were paupers

A

Those without work and relied on charity.
Meant begging or going to the local church to help

44
Q

Why was there an increase in the poor in Elizabethan times- monasteries

A

When Henry VIII closed all the monasteries in 1540
Many people who worked in the monerstaries lost their jobs and unemployment decreased
Many nuns and monks looked after the sick and poor, so the poor had no where else to go.

45
Q

Why was there an increase in poverty- economy

A

When Elizabeth gained the throne, she inherited a country that was in an economic mess. Unemployment was high

46
Q

Why was poverty increasing - agriculture

A

England was hit by bad harvests in between 1594-1598
A new system of farming known as enclosure, meant fewer workers were needed and many became unemployed

47
Q

What was enclosure

A

More farmers keeping animals in their own land, instead in growing crops on it

48
Q

Why was their an increase in poverty- population

A

During Elizabeth reign, the population increased from 2.8- 4 million. Result of an incresed birth and falling death rate.
Limited places to live increased homelessness and the more mouths to feed linked with a poor harvest meant many people were poor and Hungary

Gcse History Elizabethethan England Flashcsrds (2 decks)

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