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Elizabethan England - Society > Elizabethan Society > Flashcards

Elizabethan Society Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what was the purpose of education?

A
  • prepare people for their expected roles in life
  • teach practical skills and basic literacy
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2
Q

what percentage of the population could read?

A
  • 15% to 20%
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3
Q

what was the influence of Humanists on education?

A
  • they were philosophers who argued the value of education
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4
Q

what was the influence of Protestants on education?

A
  • they argued that people should be able to read scriptures and therefore boosted literacy
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5
Q

what was the influence of the printing press on education?

A
  • books became less expensive and gave people more opportunities to read
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6
Q

what was the influence of trade on education?

A
  • trade meant that people needed to know how to understand mathematics to record transactions properly
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7
Q

what were parish schools?

A
  • set up by the Church
  • taught basic literacy to the children of yeoman farmers and craftsmen
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8
Q

what were private tutors?

A
  • privately delivered education to members of the nobility
  • often done in the home of another nobility family
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9
Q

what were universities?

A
  • there was Oxford and Cambridge
  • lots of languages
  • highest qualification was a doctorate
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10
Q

what were petty schools?

A
  • run privately from people’s homes
  • for children of gentry, merchants and craftsmen
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11
Q

what were grammar schools?

A
  • independent education
  • charges fees
  • taught the Bible
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12
Q

what was education like for girls?

A
  • no formal education
  • Dame Schools for well off girls
  • private tutors for wealthy girls
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13
Q

how did education change?

A
  • new grammar schools
  • scholarships
  • improvement in literacy
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14
Q

what pastimes did the nobility have?

A
  • hunting
  • fishing
  • real tennis
  • bowls
  • fencing
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15
Q

what pastimes did farmers, craftsmen and the lower classes have?

A
  • football
  • wrestling
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16
Q

what were the main spectator sports?

A
  • baiting
  • cock-fighting
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17
Q

what was literature like?

A
  • new literature was written
  • medieval literature remained popular
  • there were secular plays
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18
Q

what was the theatre like?

A
  • comedies were very popular
  • all social classes attended the theatre
  • theatres had sections relative to your class
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19
Q

what was music and dancing like?

A
  • many Elizabethans played instruments
  • musical performances were popular
  • dancing brought men and women together
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20
Q

what was poverty like during Elizabeth’s reign?

A
  • over 80% of your income spent on bread
  • cannot provide for you or your family
  • cannot afford the rising cost of food
  • needed financial help or charity
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21
Q

what types of people were poor?

A
  • women
  • the sick and elderly
  • orphaned children
  • people on low wages
  • itinerants, vagrants and vagabonds
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22
Q

why did population growth cause poverty?

A
  • higher demand for food while labour supply increased
  • people cannot provide for themselves or their families
23
Q

why did bad harvests cause poverty?

A
  • it hit subsistence farmers and reduced food supply and drove up prices
24
Q

why did economic recessions cause poverty?

A
  • caused by trade embargos e.g Spain in the Netherlands, which lead to unemployment and poverty
25
Q

why did sheep farming cause poverty?

A
  • there was a growth in wool trade so many farmers preferred to rear sheep rather than grow food
26
Q

why did demand for land cause poverty?

A
  • as population increased, more people needed land
  • rent went up
  • many people could not afford to pay these
27
Q

why did town growth cause poverty?

A
  • rent went up while food prices did
28
Q

why did attitudes towards the poor change?

A
  • fear that poverty could lead to disorder and rebellion
  • it’s expensive to deal with
  • they became increasingly visible
  • changing economic circumstances pushed authority to develop a more constructive attitude towards the poor
29
Q

how were the poor distinguished?

A
  • deserving or impotent poor
  • undeserving or idle poor
30
Q

what was the poor rate?

A
  • a local tax organised by JPs
  • the money was spent on improving the lives of the poor
  • the poor were given money or things to make and sell
31
Q

what was charity?

A
  • funded by the local wealthy people
32
Q

what was the Statute of Artificers 1563?

A
  • people who didn’t pay poor rates were imprisoned
  • officials who didn’t organise the poor rate were fined
33
Q

what was the 1576 Poor Relief Act?

A
  • JPs were required to provide the poor with materials to make and sell things
  • the poor who refused to do so were imprisoned
34
Q

what was the 1572 Vagabonds Act?

A
  • vagrants were whipped and shamed
  • imprisoned
  • given the death penalty
  • Parliament felt vagrants threatened order and had to be deterred
35
Q

how did expanding trade prompt exploration?

A
  • trade was expanding
  • English merchants needed new trading opportunities after the war
  • it was vital to find new markets and new products to sell
36
Q

how did adventure prompt exploration?

A
  • people like Francis Drake undertook voyages
  • they published accounts of these voyages and persuaded others to venture into the unknown
37
Q

how did new technology prompt exploration?

A
  • navigation was becoming more precise
  • e.g quadrants and astrolabes made voyages safer, direct and faster
38
Q

how did the development of standardised maps prompt exploration?

A
  • they gave sailors and traders greater confidence they were were going in the right direction, reducing risk and encouraging further voyages
39
Q

how did private investment prompt exploration?

A
  • they funded voyages e.g Queen Elizabeth
  • the rewards could be enormous despite the risk
  • this increased the incomes of both the Crown and the nobility
40
Q

how did improvement in ship design prompt exploration?

A
  • ships/galleons had bigger sails, were faster and more manoeuvrable
  • they also had greater firepower to protect themselves from pirate attacks
  • they were more stable and could take on more supplies, encouraging longer voyages and exploration
41
Q

what was the triangular trade?

A
  • John Hawkins discovered that iron goods and guns could be sold in West Africa to buy slaves
42
Q

why did Drake circumnavigate the globe?

A
  • attacking Spain, raid Spanish colonies
  • revenge, the Spanish had attacked Drake’s fleet and most of his men were killed
  • profit, huge profits to be made so people were willing to invest including Elizabeth I
43
Q

what was the significance of Drake’s circumnavigation?

A
  • England’s reputation as a sea faring power increased
  • England increasingly saw her navy as her best means of defence
  • English ships began to trade elsewhere
  • caused a decline in Spanish relations
  • colonies were established e.g Nova Albion
44
Q

who was Sir Walter Raleigh?

A
  • explorer
  • was given a grant by Elizabeth to explore and settle lands in North America
  • did not lead the colonists but raised funds for the project and persuaded people to leave ENG and settle in Virginia
45
Q

who went to Virginia?

A
  • 107 colonists set out for Virginia, almost all men
  • many were soldiers and sailors but there were also craftsmen, landowners, merchants and farmers
  • they were led by Richard Greenville
46
Q

what did the colonists take along?

A
  • food and salt for preservation, for the voyage and afterwards
  • fresh water, for the voyage
  • tools and equipment, to farm and to build forts and homes
  • weapons, to protect themselves from attack
47
Q

why was Virginia colonised?

A
  • trade
  • ENG is less dependent on SPA, FRA and ITA for imported goods
  • welcoming and friendly natives encouraged the English to go there
  • Raleigh persuaded investors that the trip would be profitable
  • Virginia provides a base to attack Spanish settlements and colonies
  • a successful colony makes it easier to fund other ventures
48
Q

why did the colonisation of Virginia fail?

A
  • lack of food
  • poor leadership
  • lack of skills and experience
  • Native American attack
  • war with Spain
49
Q

why was a lack of food a reason for the failure of the colonisation?

A
  • it was too late to plant crops
  • one of the ships leaked and the food was ruined
  • colonists could not provide for themselves and were dependent on the local Indian tribes
50
Q

why was poor leadership a reason for the failure of the colonisation?

A
  • Greenville (first expedition leader) was hot headed
  • John White (second expedition leader) abandoned the colony in 1587
51
Q

why was a lack of skills and experience a reason for the failure of the colonisation?

A
  • the expedition leaders lacked the experience and skills to make it a success
  • merchants and landowners weren’t used to manual work
  • soldiers could defend the expedition but could not farm
52
Q

why was the Native American attack a reason for the failure of the colonisation?

A
  • Chief Wingina believed the colonists brought disease and led an attack, he was also angered with the colonists’ demands for food
53
Q

why was the war with Spain a reason for the failure of the colonisation?

A
  • from 1585, ENG was practically at war with SPA
  • the threat from the Armada meant that few ships were available to visit or resupply the colonists
  • the colonists were isolated and vulnerable to attack
54
Q

what was the significance of the attempted colonisation of Virginia?

A
  • despite its failure, it served as a template for future settlements
  • by the end of the 17th century, 13 colonies had been established along the eastern seaboard of the New World

Elizabethan England - Society (1 decks)

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