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GCSE History > Elizabethan England > Flashcards

Elizabethan England Flashcards

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1
Q

Elizabeth I

A

Elizabeth I
Queen of England from 1558 until 1603.

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2
Q

Mary I

A

Elizabeth’s sister, reigned before her, died in 1558.

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3
Q

Anne Boleyn

A

Elizabeth’s mother, executed for treason.

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4
Q

Illegitimacy

A

Elizabeth declared illegitimate due to her mother’s marriage.

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5
Q

Protestant

A

Religion Elizabeth adhered to, opposed by Catholics.

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6
Q

Charismatic

A

Elizabeth’s trait that helped win subjects’ support.

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7
Q

Political Cleverness

A

Elizabeth’s skill to navigate complex political landscape.

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8
Q

Patronage

A

System of favoring courtiers with important roles.

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9
Q

Court

A

Group of noble advisers and friends to the queen

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10
Q

Justices of the Peace

A

Landowners maintaining law and order locally.

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11
Q

Lord Lieutenants

A

Noblemen ruling counties and raising militias.

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12
Q

Parliament

A

Legislative body advising the queen, passing laws.

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13
Q

House of Lords

A

Upper house of Parliament, composed of nobles.

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14
Q

House of Commons

A

Lower house of Parliament, elected members.

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14
Q

Court Life

A

Involves strict dress codes and personal governance.

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15
Q

William Cecil

A

Elizabeth’s longest-serving minister, Secretary of State.

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16
Q

Francis Walsingham

A

Queen’s private secretary, managed her security.

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16
Q

Robert Dudley

A

Close friend of Elizabeth, involved in court scandals

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17
Q

Babington Plot

A

Conspiracy to assassinate Elizabeth, uncovered by Walsingham.

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18
Q

Court Rivalries

A

Competition among courtiers to influence the queen.

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19
Q

Progresses

A

Royal tours to noble homes for public visibility.

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20
Q

Vagrants

A

Poor individuals seen as societal threats.

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20
Q

Nobility

A

Wealthy class providing hospitality during progresses.

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21
Q

Parliamentary Rights

A

MPs’ ability to criticize government actions.

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22
Q

Taxes

A

Monarch requires Parliament’s consent to raise.

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23
Q

Succession Issue

A

Concern over Elizabeth’s lack of an heir.

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24
Q

Religious Settlement

A

1559 agreement establishing Protestantism in England.

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25
Q

Privy Council

A

Advisory body assisting the queen in governance.

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26
Q

Court Dress Code

A

Strict regulations on attire for courtiers.

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27
Q

Political Influence

A

Courtiers sought to sway Elizabeth’s decisions.

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28
Q

Religious Settlement of 1559

A

Established Protestantism as England’s main religion.

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29
Q

Succession

A

The process of determining the next monarch.

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30
Q

James VI of Scotland

A

Assumed successor to Elizabeth, Protestant claimant.

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31
Q

Elizabeth’s Marriage Policy

A

Refused marriage to maintain authority and avoid conflict.

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32
Q

Virgin Queen

A

Elizabeth marketed herself as unmarried and independent.

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33
Q

Parliament’s Role

A

Demanded Elizabeth name a successor, influencing governance.

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34
Q

Earl of Essex

A

Robert Devereux, ambitious courtier and Elizabeth’s favourite.

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35
Q

Essex’s Rebellion

A

Failed uprising against Elizabeth in 1601.

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36
Q

Military Victories

A

Strengthened Elizabeth’s authority, e.g., Cadiz 1596.

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37
Q

Declining Authority

A

Elizabeth faced challenges due to age and opposition.

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38
Q

Social Hierarchy: Nobility

A

Major landowners, including Dukes, Lords, and Earls.

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39
Q

Tenant Farmers

A

Rented land from gentry, part of agricultural society.

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40
Q

Landless Labouring Poor

A

Worked land for survival, lacked property ownership.

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41
Q

Sumptuary Laws (1574)

A

Regulated clothing based on social class.

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42
Q

Obedience in Society

A

Expected respect and care across social classes.

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43
Q

Financial Independence

A

Elizabeth’s reliance on Parliament increased due to taxes.

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43
Q

Elizabeth’s Health

A

Remained healthy until late in her reign.

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44
Q

Bad Harvests

A

Led to food shortages and discontent in the 1590s.

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45
Q

Robert Cecil

A

Rival to Essex, influential in Elizabeth’s court.

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46
Q

Elizabeth’s Advisors

A

Key figures like Walsingham and Cecil influenced governance.

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47
Q

Elizabeth’s Marriage Suitors

A

Included Dudley, Philip II, and others, but none succeeded.

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48
Q

Crisis of Succession

A

Unmarried Elizabeth faced potential disputes over heirs.

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49
Q

Essex’s Overestimation

A

Misjudged support leading to rebellion failure.

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50
Q

Execution of Mary QoS

A

Removed rival threats to Elizabeth’s throne.

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51
Q

Influence of Gentry

A

Gentry’s rise diminished noble families’ power.

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52
Q

Court Challenges

A
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53
Q

Court Challenges

A

Courtiers began to openly oppose Elizabeth’s decisions.

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54
Q

Gentry

A

Class of wealthy landowners not part of nobility.

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55
Q

Privateering

A

Piracy sanctioned by the government for profit.

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56
Q

Groundlings

A

Ordinary people who stood in theatre pits.

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57
Q

Elizabethan Theatre

A

Purpose-built venues for plays during Elizabeth’s reign.

58
Q

Enclosure

A

Fencing off land, restricting common access.

59
Q

Wool Trade

A

Growth in wool production impacting food farming.

60
Q

Population Growth

A

Increase from 3 million in 1551 to 4.2 million by 1601.

61
Q

Deserving Poor

A

Those unable to help themselves, like the sick.

62
Q

Undeserving Poor

A

Those who could work but chose not to.

63
Q

Theatre Licensing

A

Required approval for plays to prevent rebellion

64
Q

Theatre Popularity

A

Appealed to all classes due to low costs.

65
Q

Political Themes

A

Forbidden in plays to avoid inciting unrest.

66
Q

Economic Recessions

A

Trade restrictions causing unemployment in the 1580s.

67
Q

Poverty Indicators

A

Spending over 80% of income on bread

68
Q

Orphaned Children

A

40% of the poor were under age 16

69
Q

Theatre Structure

A

Reflects social hierarchy with seating arrangements

70
Q

Elizabethan Playwrights

A

Notable writers included Shakespeare and Marlowe.

71
Q

Theatre Sponsorship

A

Nobility funded acting companies for prestige.

72
Q

Social Class Attendance

A

All classes attended, reflecting societal structure.

73
Q

Theatre Content

A

Plays often included themes of sex and crime.

74
Q

Financial Help

A

Charity needed for those unable to provide.

75
Q

Theatre Bans

A

Theatre banned in London by 1596.

76
Q

Actors

A

Key figures in theatre, like Richard Burbage.

77
Q

Queen Elizabeth

A

Supported theatre but did not attend performances.

78
Q

Poor Rate

A

Local tax for funding poor relief efforts.

79
Q

Statute of Artificers

A

1563 law regulating labor and poor relief.

80
Q

1576 Poor Relief Act

A

Established support for the impotent poor.

80
Q

1572 Vagabonds Act

A

Severe punishments for vagrancy and begging.

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GCSE History (1 decks)

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