Elizabethan England

Question 1

What is the Elizabethan Religious Settlement and when is it

Answer 1

In 1559, Elizabeth tried to follow a Middle Way in religion which both Catholics and Protestants could accept. They passed two Acts of Parliament- the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity. Together these are known as the Religious Settlement

Question 2

One thing catholics wanted in the Religious Settlement and one thing protestants wanted

Answer 2

Catholics- Images to be allowed in Church
Protestants- Control of the Pope ended

Question 3

The Puritans Challenges to the Religious Settlement

Answer 3

Main problems were with the use of crucifixes and vestments. Elizabeth had to back down over the crucifix but the majority of priests consented about vestments

Question 4

The Foreign Powers Challenges to the Religious Settlement

Answer 4

Leading Catholic powers in Europe like France and Spain were a threat ti Elizabeth’s settlement. Religious war broke out in France in 1562 and Spain’s military presence in Netherlands during the Dutch Revolt was a clear threat

Question 5

Catholics Challenges to the Religious Settlement

Answer 5

The Pope instructed Catholics to not attend church services. Many of the English Nobility in the North of England were one of these catholics and it led to a revolt in Northern Earls

Question 6

The Problem of Mary Queen of Scots

Answer 6

Many Catholics saw MQS as the legitimate monarch and she arrived in England in 1568 after the Protestant Scottish Nobles revolted on the suspicious death of her husband. Elizabeth kept Mary captive in England so she didn’t go abroad or to the Scottish Lords

Question 7

Why was Mary Queen of Scots executed

Answer 7

Walsingham had provided clear evidence that she was involved in plotting against Elizabeth.
Rumours of an imminent attack from Spain reinforced the threat that Mary posed

Question 8

Consequences of MQS execution

Answer 8

Elizabeth was upset but it showed her new harsh treatment of Catholics.
English Catholics angered as they lost their hope of a Catholic Monarch.
Gave Phillip 2 (Spain) another reason to want to remove Elizabeth

Question 9

Drake and the raid on Cadiz and when it happened

Answer 9

In April 1587, Drake sailed into Cadiz Harbour and destroyed 30 Spanish ships and a large amount of their supplies. England know Spain were preparing an attack and this raid delayed their preparations by a year

Question 10

Reasons for the defeat of the Armada

Answer 10

English cannons be reloaded more quickly on their ships.
Spanish supplies has rotting food and poor quality of cannon balls.
Unreliable communications between the Spanish.
English tactics- had 6x more firepower.
Soanish poor leadership and tactics.
Weather destroyed the Armada

Question 11

Consequences of the Armada’s defeat

Answer 11

Great propaganda victory
Great boost to English pride
Durch rebels encouraged to renew their fight
Showed strength and skill of English Navy
Cost Spain deerly, financially and politically

Question 12

Reasons for increase in poverty

Answer 12

Increased population
Rising food prices
More people forced to move to cities for work
International problems like the Dutch Revolt affected trade

Question 13

The 3 policies toward the poor and when

Answer 13

1563 Statute of Artificers- to collect poor relief money, more harsh treatment of beggars.
1572 Vagabonds Act- to deter vagrancy. Beggars sent to Houses of Correction.
1576 Poor Relief Act- to help able bodied people find work. Elderly and sick given alms houses

Question 14

Elizabeth’s problems in 1558

Answer 14

Legitimacy- her parents marriage was declared illegal by the pope so she is an illegitimate child, some Catholics may think
Gender- Christianity thought women should be under the authority of men, expected than men should rule and not women
Marriage+Children- she was single and childless so people expected her to create a throne for the next rule but marriage would cause her to lose power
Religion- country had gone through a long phase of strongly protestant until Marry killed many protestants to change England into Catholics so there were many Catholics and Protestants who disagreed to join together
Finance- when she became queen the crown was 300k in debt and she needed money to defend England and her own position
International- was at war with France

Question 15

What was the plan of the Ridolfi plot and how did Elizabeth respond

Answer 15

To murder Elizabeth, launch a spanish invasion, put Mary on the throne, to marry Duke of Norfolk. Elizabeth executed Norfolk and sent Mary to prison

Question 16

What was the plan of the Throckmorton plot and who uncovered it

Answer 16

To overthrow Elizabeth, restore Catholism and put Mary on the throne. Uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham

Question 17

What was the plan of the Babington plot and why was the outcome unfortunate

Answer 17

Elizabeth would be murdered, Duke of Guise would invade
England, Mary would be put on the throne. Elizabeth sentenced Mary to death and it was unfortunate because it showed the people that a queen can be killed

Question 18

What three people were involved in all of the plots

Answer 18

Mary Queen of Scots
The Pope
Philip II (involved in two of them)

Question 19

What are 3 reasons of colonising to Virginia

Answer 19

Become the roots of the British empire
Wouldn’t need to depend on Spain for resources, trade with others
Provided a base to attack Spanish colonies in New World

Question 20

Who was Sir Walter Raleigh

Answer 20

An explorer who was given the job (by Elizabeth) to settle in lands in North America, which had already been failed twice before

Question 21

What did Sir Walter do to plan the colonisation

Answer 21

He investigated and raised funds for the establishment of an English colony in Virginia, persuaded people to leave England, appointed a Governer for Virginia so Raleigh didn’t actually go himself, he convinced others to go

Question 22

What were 3 reasons for the failure of the Virginia colonisation

Answer 22

The idyllic descriptions and reports of Virginia were far from reality
Left too late to reach Virginia to plant crops and many were ill
Colonists were inexperienced and relied on native Americans while they didn’t trust the English

Question 23

What were the two main causes of the Northern Rebellion

Answer 23

The long-term cause of Elizabeth slowly chipping away at the independance of the Northerns.
The trigger cause was MQS coming to England as she had links to the throne and became part of plots

Question 24

What was the outcome of the northern rebellion

Answer 24

The nobles of Northumberland and Westmorland were beheaded which removed two powerful Catholic nobles, who were replaced with Protestants loyal to Elizabeth. The outcome was Elizabeth’s increased power of the north

Question 25

What happened during the northern rebellion

Answer 25

The Earls headed for Durham, took control of the Cathedral and celebrated mass. They then moved south. However, the supporting troops that were supposed to come from Spain never arrived. The revolt was crushed and approx. 450 rebels were executed

Question 26

Campaign in netherlands

Answer 26

Elizabeth hoped to negotiate with Phillip II. England was not formally at war so Leicester weren’t given enough resources. Some of Dudley’s officers defected to the Spanish side. Dudley wanted to end Spanish rule while Elizabeth wanted Spanish rule with freedom

Question 27

Consequences of the campaign in Netherland

Answer 27

Dudley could only disrupt Spanish forces in Netherlands under Duke of Parma, couldn’t defeat them.
Dudley did manage to stop Spanish from capturing a deep-water port (Ostend) on the English Channel. This denied the Spanish Armada the chance to link up with the Duke of Parma’s troops

Question 28

Spectator sport- baiting

Answer 28

Involved watching animals fight to the death. Typically, dogs were encouraged to attack chained bears and bulls, and bets were made on the outcomes of fights

Question 29

Spectator sport cock-fighting

Answer 29

Cockerels attacked each other using metal spurs and their beaks. In many small towns, special arenas were built for cock-fighting. Money was bet on the outcomes of the fight

Question 30

Lower classes football

Answer 30

Men only. Aim was to score a goal, rules varied. No limit to numbers involved or the size of the pitch. Could be very violent, men often killed during matches

Question 31

Two things about theatre

Answer 31

Morality and miracle plays.
All actors were men and they played female parts to