Elizabeth I - Key Ideas, Terms, Dates Flashcards
Elizabeth I - Key Dates
Born:
7th September 1533
Died:
24th March 1603
Became Queen:
17th November 1558 (after death of her Sister, Mary I, ‘Bloody Mary’.)
Corronation (Crowning ceremony):
15th January 1559
1559 - Act of Supremacy
8th May 1559 - ‘Middle Way’ - Named Elizabeth as Supreme Governor of Curch of England (maybe her smartest Move)
Same Time Act of Uniformity - Illegal to skip Church services with a fine as penalty if you did. These people were known as RECUSANTS
1568 - Mary, Queen of Scots Arrives in England
Elizabeth I - Key Dates - AFTER 1568
1569:
Rebellion/Revolt of the Northern Earls- Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland
1570:
Elizabeth excommunicated by Pope Pius V (Papal Bull) - essentially allows Catholics to kill Elizabeth and its not a sin
1571:
The Ridolfi plot- Duke of Norfolk, King of Spain (plan to kill Elizabeth I, replace with Mary QoS (Queen of Scots))
1572: VagaBonds Act to address rising Poverty
1583:
Throckmorton Plot- King Phillip of Spain+ The Pope pay for french army
1586: Babibngton Plot - Mary QoS involved and sentenced to Death
1587: Execution of Mary QoS
1587 singeing of the king of Spain’s beard
Drake raids Cadiz destroying ships and supplies delaying the armada
1588 Spanish Armada sails against England 130 ships lead by Duke of Medina Sedonia
1601 Poor Laws: Legal acknowledgment of the 2 types of poor impotent and able-bodied and started a nation wide poor relief
All about Elizabeth I
- ascended to the throne 17th November 1558
- easy succession
- Mary acknowledged her status as heir before she died and the treaty with Philip meant he also accepted her
- England had been plagued with bad harvests, flu epidemic which increased mortality
- political and religious situations were delicate
- liz had more chaos by returning to protestantism
- she had a good view of gov that resembled her fathers
- she was fierce and strong willed
- she had been taught the art of rhetoric, something usually kept for men and she regarded all elements of gov as part of her royal prerogative meaning she insisted on taking the most important decisions by herself and accepting no opposition to them.
Elizabeth’s religious settlement 1559
‘The Middle Way’
- she was the symbol of the break of Rome - her farther had broken with the catholic faith in order to marry her mother
- she was not accepted as legitimate by catholics so she to become protestant in order to remain on the throne
- she was aware of the religious turmoil the country had been forced into
- the vast majority were catholic - 75% of Yorkshire landowners
- she didn’t want to create martyrs - she wanted the church to become suitable for everyone
- led to her comprised religious settlement 1559
- appointed Matthew Parker as archbishop on Canterbury he was a queens man and she trusted him
- upon Mary’s death, the church had been reunited with Rome, until this could be change, the English church would remain under the influence of the pope, a catholic practise
- this would not change until liz excommunication 1570
- her religious settlements came in the form of two acts, injunctions and her 39 articles.
the act of supremacy
- re-established the supremacy of the royals in the church - set up by h8, removed by m1
- repeal of heresy laws, re-established by Mary
- outline of an oath of supremacy to be taken by all clergy members- declaring liz to be supreme governor of the church and laid down penalties for refusal
- larger power given to commissioners - giving them the right to conduct visitations (visiting parishes and ensuring that there was no heresy) it didn’t define what would be regarded as heretical so things could be made up
- gave the queen role of supreme governor of the church - the catholics refused to believe that anybody other than the pope could be the head of the church
- protestants believed nobody was the ‘head’ so the queen was officially governing it.
Act of Uniformity
- focused on making the church uniformed
- single book of common prayer - 1549 book of common prayer with 2 modifications
- juxtaposition of the wording meant catholics could take it to mean transubstantiation and those who were protestant could take it to mean consubstantiation
- removal of black rubric - added 1552 to explain the significance of kneeling at the alter (stated that kneeling did not mean you were worshipping the eucharist the removal meant you could)
- returned ornaments of the church to those in place during 2nd year of ed’s reign
- vestments were to be catholic
- recusants were to be handed in, there would be a fine for missing church
England and Spain
60s = good relations
Philip believed he could bring Elizabeth into catholicism + discouraged pope twice from excommunicating her.
John Hawkins - trader and inventor of English slave trade - tried to break the monopoly that Spain held - he did irreparable damage and was attacked 1568 in San Juan - led to his retirement from privateering.
The Netherlands = deciding factor in Spanish-English relations.
it suit English interests that it should remain under loose Spanish control so France would not take over - we relied on it for trade and good relations.
60’s - Philip dispatched an army led by duke of alba to the Netherlands to suppress heresy = Spanish and English troops near each other = liz nervous, Dudley wanted to shine so encouraged Elizabeth to intervene and she did. Dudley was unsuccessful in achieving what he was meant to - he need up taking the title that belonged to Philip and spend lots of money. - ended in utter defeat of English forces.
Philip didn’t approve of the excommunication in 1571 he didn’t appose it and encouraged the northern rebellion in 1569.
Elizabeths main advisors
Willaim Cecil- secretary of state 1558.
1571- awarded title - Changed to Lord Burghley
Robert Dudley- Earl of Leicester. very close with Elizabeth - Rumoured Lover
Francis Walsingham- In charge of secret service and foreign affairs - Chief Spy
Essex Rebellion 1601
Robert deveraux gathered 300 supporters
Lord chancellor visited him
Essex rode to London to gather support
Return to Essex house where he was arrested
Living standards
and
The Gentry
Population grew from 3 million in 1530 to 4,000,000 in 1600s
19% of people lived in country
10% lived in town
Fashion - showed a persons status and class
Sumptuary Laws 1574 - only Royals wear silk far and gold fabrics
The Gentry:
Owed 50% of land
Consisted of knights, esquires and gentlemen
Grew in size, wealth and influence
Walter Raleigh , Francis walshingham and Francis drake became more influential in court
Able to join nobility through marriage, wealth or Queen giving a title
Eg William Cecil became lord burghley
