Elizabeth England

Question 1

What problems did elizabeth face in 1558

Answer 1

Legitimacy - Henry VIII Divorce Anne Boleyn in a illegal way

Society - many people thought elizabeth should marry because she was a woman reigning

Religion - elizabeth protestant but had some catholic views and the country was catholic so the country kind of went against her

Question 2

What was the french threat and financial weakness

Answer 2

Financial weakness - england fouht many costly ward before elizabeth became queen therefore england was seen as more weaker compared to pther countries.

French threat - Mary was seen as legit, she was also half french therefore more support in the french

Question 3

State the 3 religious settlements (dont say what it actually is)

Answer 3

Act of supremecy

Act of uniformity

Royal injunctions

Question 4

What is the act of supremacy

Answer 4

To establish elizabeths supreme govenor of the church

Question 5

What was the act of uniformity

Answer 5

All churches amd services to be the same across the country

Question 6

What were the royal injunctions

Answer 6

Instructions at which reinforces the two main acts before

Question 7

Why did elizabeth is the church of england

Answer 7

To increase her control - eg: church courts and inspections enabled her to enforce the religious settlement

Question 8

What were the puritan challenge to the religious settlement

Answer 8

Puritans disapproved the use of crucifixes in every church and priests wearing certain vestments. Elizabeth backed down with the crucifix but sticked with the idea of vestments

Question 9

What was the plan of the revolt of the northern earls

Answer 9

 Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland would raise an army and take control of Durham and
would then march south to join the Duke of Norfolk’s forces

 Several thousand Spanish troops would land in Hartlepool to support the rebels

 Duke of Norfolk and the rebel forces would seize control of London and overthrow Elizabeth

 Mary Queen of Scots would be freed, married to the Duke Norfolk and placed on the throne

Question 10

what were the main events in the revolt of the northern earls

Answer 10

Rebels took Durham Cathedral and celebrated a full Catholic mass. Controlled land in NE England as far
south as Leeds.

However, most nobles stayed loyal to Elizabeth and by 24 November the rebels were
forced to retreat and eventually defeated. Hundreds of rebels executed

Question 11

Significance of the revolt of the Northern earls

Answer 11

First and most serious rebellious act by Catholics against Elizabeth. Power and influence of Northern
Earls ended. Prompted harsher treatments against Catholics. Pope Pius VI excommunicated Elizabeth
(expelled her from the church)

Question 12

what did many catholics see mary as

Answer 12

the legitimate monarch (she was Elizabeth’s second cousin and had a direct link to the throne). Mary arrived in England in 1568 after the Protestant Scottish Nobles
revolted after the suspicious death of her husband.

Question 13

what was the ridolfi plot

Answer 13

Roberto Ridolfi was an italian baker who lived in england and worked as a spy for the pope

in 1571 ridolfi plotted to kill elizabeth and start a spanish invasion and put a mary on the throne then marry the duke of norfolk

march 1571 he went to netherland and he discussed the plot to the pope philipp ii and the duke of norfolk

had a letter signed by the duke of norfolk in which norfolk declared himself as catholic and pledged to lead the rebellion with philip ii support

william cecil discovered the plot and by autumn 1571 he was able to prove that norfolk was guilty of high treason

may 1572 - parliment demanded the execution of norfolk and mary but elizabeth was reluctant so she kept a good eye on her

Question 14

what was the throckmorton plot

Answer 14

• french duke of guise plotted to invade england and overthrow elizabeth, free mary and make england catholic again
• philip ii said that he would help to pay for the cost of the invasion
• francis throckmorton would pass letters between the plotters and mary
• francis walshingham discovered the plot and walshinghams spies found the papers and his plans
• throckmorton was arrested and tortured then killed

Question 15

what was the babington plot

Answer 15

• duke of guise would invade england murder eliz and put mary on the throne
• philip ii and pope supported it
• francis walshingham intercepted on the letters to mary which clearly demonstrated her awareness
• babington and plotters were sentenced to death so as mary but elizabeth was being a pussio but she was executed in feb 1587

Question 16

The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington Plots. Walsingham and the use of spies.

Answer 16

Three Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth from the throne with the help of France/Spain and replace her
with Mary. Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington were key people involved in each one. Walsingham
(Secretary of State) intercepted the letters in the Babington Plot and deciphered the codes within them.
This was used as evidence to prove that Mary was directly involved.

Question 17

The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots’ execution in 1587.

Answer 17

Evidence from the Babington Plot proved Mary’s guilt and finally persuaded Elizabeth to sentence her to
death (although she was still very reluctant). Mary’s death removed an important threat to Elizabeth but
gave Phillip of Spain another reason to want to remove Elizabeth

Question 18

relations with netherlands and spanish

Answer 18

the netherlands have been spanish since the 1400s but many dutch became protestant and a brutal spanish campaign took place which executed hundreds of protestants

england saw this and was angered therefore now saw them as hostile

Question 19

what did elizabeth to help the dutch in spain

Answer 19

elizabeths government decided to secretely help the dutch protestants to resist the spanish by:

• sea beggars which allowed dutch to have a safe passage to english ports
• provided financial support to others fighting spanish
• english privateers such as sir francis drake were encouraged to attack spanish shipping and colonies in north america